Gynaecological polyps: A systemic review

Abstract

Background: Polyps of the lower reproductive tract are found in 7.8-50% of women. Endometrial polyps located at the fundal and tubocornual regions mechanically affect fertility. The recent advances in TVU and hysteroscopy provide an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of polyp in the female reproductive tract. Objective: The goal of this systematic review is to highlight updates to the epidemiology, clinical presentation and imaging modalities for gynaecological polyps providing guidance to the best clinical decisions. It also highlights prevalence of infertility in gynaecological polyps. Study Design: Systemic review Material and methods: During December 2020 we searched Google scholar, Pub med, Medscape, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database and Magiran research articles from 2010 -2020. The selected articles identified through electronic search were 60 articles and 50 were selected for the review. Results: Endometrial polyps are the most frequently diagnosed type of gynaecological polyp. They have been implicated in 50% cases of abnormal uterine bleeding and 35% patients with infertility. The developments of high-resolution 2D and 4D ultrasound, contrast sonography and hysteroscopy helps the clinicians in diagnosing polyps efficiently. Hysteroscopy is the gold standard and histology is essential for the ultimate diagnosis and malignancy exclusion. Conclusions: The review of literature suggest that the polyps are common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and have strong association with infertility. Polyps can be confidently diagnosed on ultrasound with Doppler imaging. Hysteroscopy and histopathological evaluation is considered essential for diagnosis of gynaecological polyps. Key words: Endometrial polyp, Cervical polyp, Infertility, Ultrasonography, Sonohysterography, Hysteroscopy.