Gymnodinioides pacifica, n. sp., an exuviotrophic ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific

Landers, Stephen C.; Gómez‐Gutiérrez, Jaime; Peterson, William T.

doi:10.1016/j.ejop.2006.01.003

Cited by 17 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Even combining parasites of N. difficilis observed in Oregon (suctorian and Foettingeriidae ciliates) (Fig. 6E,F) (Field 1969, Landers et al 2006) and the west coast of the Baja California peninsula (Foettingeriidae ciliates, ellobiopsiids, and Dajidae isopods), N. simplex has about 3 times the parasite diversity of N. difficilis (Tables 3 & 4). N. simplex was vulnerable to lethal Collinia sp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We detected several distinct phoront and trophont forms (morphology, coloration, and size), likely indicating that both euphausiids posses a multispecific assemblage of apostome exuviotrophic ciliates. Light microscopy unequivocally demonstrated the metamorphosis from an apostome tomite stage through transformation and metamorphosis to the pre-feeding stage (with 9 spiraling kineties) that, following criteria described by Landers et al (2006), allowed us tentatively to identify them as exuviotrophic apostome ciliates of the family Foettingeriidae ( Fig. 3E,F (Fig 3G,H).…”

Section: Exuviotrophic Apostome Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…comm.). Indirect evidence of these interspecific swarming behavior differences is that several predators that require high densities of prey, like the mobulid rays (Mobula thurstoni and M. japonica) and the blue whale Balaenoptera musculus, prey significantly more on N. simplex than on N. difficilis in the Gulf of California (Notarbartolo-di-Sciara 1988, Gendron 1992, Del Ángel-Rodríguez 1997.The only previous report of parasites of these 2 euphausiid species is the ellobiopsid Thalassomyces fagei infesting Nyctiphanes simplex in the Galapagos and Humboldt Current regions (Cornejo-De Gonzalez & Antezana 1980), and Nematoscelis difficilis infestation by the dajidae isopod Notophryxus lateralis off California (Field 1969) and exuviotrophic ciliates of the genus Gymnodinoides off the Oregon coast (Landers et al 2006). The Dajidae isopod Notophryxus lateralis has been shown to infest N. difficilis during a shore stranding event in Bahía de La Paz (De Silva-Dávila et al 2004).…”

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Parasite diversity of Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) along the northwestern coast of Mexico

Gómez‐Gutiérrez¹,

Robinson²,

Kawaguchi³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The diversity of parasites found on Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Order Euphausiacea) was compared during 10 oceanographic cruises made off both coasts of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. We tested the hypothesis that N. simplex has a more diverse parasitic assemblage than N. difficilis because it is a neritic species, has larger population abundance, and tends to form denser and more compact swarms than N. difficilis. These biological and behavioral features may enhance parasite transmission within swarms. We detected 6 types of ectoparasites: (1) epibiotic diatoms Licmophora sp.; (2) Ephelotidae suctorian ciliates; (3) Foettingeriidae exuviotrophic apostome ciliates; (4) an unidentified epicaridean cryptoniscus larvae (isopoda); and 2 castrators: (5) the ectoparasitic Dajidae isopod Notophryxus lateralis and (6) the ellobiopsid mesoparasite Thalassomyces fagei. We also detected 7 types of endoparasites: (1) an undescribed Collinia ciliate (Apostomatida); 3 types of Cestoda: (2) a Tetrarhynchobothruium sp. (Trypanorhyncha), (3) Echinobothrium sp. (Diphyllidea: Echinobothyriidae), and (4) unidentified metacestode; (5) a Trematoda Paronatrema-like metacercaria (Syncoeliidae); (6) the nematode Anisakis simplex (L3); and (7) Polymorphidae acantocephalan larvae (acanthor, acanthella, and cystacanth larval stages). N. simplex is affected by all types of parasites, except the isopod N. lateralis, having a considerably larger parasitic diversity and prevalence rates than N. difficilis, which is only infested with 3 types of ectoparasites and T. fagei. Euphausiid swarming is an adaptive behavior for reproduction, protection against predators, and increased efficiency in food searching, but has a negative effect due to parasitism. Although the advantages of aggregation must overcome the reduction of population and individual fitness induced by parasites, we demonstrated that all types of parasites can affect ~14% of N. simplex individuals. Collinia spp. endoparasitoids must occasionally have a significant influence on population mortality with potential epizootic events.KEY WORDS: Parasites · Parasitoids · Euphausiids · Nyctiphanes simplex · Nematoscelis difficilis · Bahía Magdalena · Gulf of California Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 88: [249][250][251][252][253][254][255][256][257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266] 2010 increasing number of parasites and parasitoids have been discovered. The parasites of euphausiids include an array of interspecific associations that ranges from almost innocuous parenthetic epibiotic organisms such as diatoms (McClatchie et al. 1990), suctorians (Nicol 1984, Tarling & Cuzin-Roudy 2008, and apostome exuviotrophic ciliates (Lindley 1978, Rakusa-Suszczewski & Filcek 1988, Landers et al. 2006, to castrators (Field 1969) and parasitoids (Capriulo & Small 1986, Gómez-Gutiérrez et al. 2003, 2006, 2009. It is now apparent that each euphausiid species has a complex interspecific parasite...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exuviotrophic Apostome Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasite diversity of Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) along the northwestern coast of Mexico

Gómez‐Gutiérrez¹,

Robinson²,

Kawaguchi³

et al. 2010

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Originally, it was thought that tomites of the genus Pseudocollinia infected the euphausiids by attaching to the external appendages because the phoront stages of other apostomes commonly attach to euphausiid appendages (Lindley 1978, Landers et al 2006, 2007 and because it is the most common life-cycle mode of other well-studied apostome ectoparasites of crustaceans (Bradbury 1966, Bradbury & Clamp 1973, Bradbury & Goyal 1976. However, Landers et al (2006Landers et al ( , 2007 discovered that the commonly encysted phoronts attached to euphausiid appendages are actually epibiotic exuviotrophic ciliates of the genus Gymnodinoides that infest > 70% of the krill population, rather than Pseudocollinia species. Gómez-Gutiérrez et al (2006) suggested that Collinia species (now Pseudocollinia) must be eaten to explain the large number of ciliates observed in early infection stages.…”

Section: Life Cycle Of Endoparasitoid Apostome Ciliatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. (Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a parasitoid ciliate infecting the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex

Gómez‐Gutiérrez

Strüder‐Kypke²,

Shaw³

et al. 2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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A novel parasitoid ciliate, Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. was discovered infecting the subtropical sac-spawning euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex off both coasts of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. We used microscopic, and genetic information to describe this species throughout most of its life cycle. Pseudocollinia is distinguished from other Colliniidae genera because it exclusively infects euphausiids, has a polymorphic life cycle, and has a small cone-shaped oral cavity whose left wall has a field of ciliated kinetosomes and whose opening is surrounded on the left and right by 2 'oral' kineties (or ciliary rows) that terminate at its anterior border. Two related species that infect different euphausiid species from higher latitudes in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, Collinia beringensis Capriulo and Small, 1986, briefly redescribed herein, and Collinia oregonensis Gómez-Gutiérrez, Peterson, and Morado, 2006, are transferred to the genus Pseudocollinia. P. brintoni has between 12 and 18 somatic kineties, and its oral cavity has only 2 oral kineties, while P. beringensis comb. nov. has more somatic kineties, including 3 oral kineties. P. oregonensis comb. nov. has an intermediate number of somatic kineties. P. beringensis comb. nov. also infects Thysanoessa raschi (a new host species). SSU rRNA and cox1 gene sequences demonstrated that Pseudocollinia ciliates are apostome ciliates and that P. brintoni is different from P. beringensis comb. nov. High densities of rod-shaped bacteria (1.7 µm length, 0.2 to 0.5 µm diameter) were associated with P. brintoni. After euphausiid rupture, high concentrations of P. brintoni and bacteria cluster to form 3 to 6 cm long filaments where tomites encyst and transform to the phoront stage; this is a novel place for encystation. P. brintoni may complete its life cycle when the euphausiids feed on these filaments.KEY WORDS: Euphausiids · Ciliates · Apostomatidae · Collinia · cox1 · SSU rRNA · MexicoResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Some ciliates, however, are adapted to the molt cycle of euphausiids. For example, Landers et al (2006) reported that an apostome ciliate Gymnodinioides pacifica is an epibiotic exuviotroph that encysts on the setae of the appendages, telson, and antennae of Euphausia pacifica. This species excysts and enters the exoskeleton of the host after molting, where it feeds on exuvial fluid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life cycle of the suctorian ciliate Ephelota plana attached to the krill Euphausia pacifica

Endo

Fujii

Nishitani

et al. 2017

Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology

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The hypothesis that life cycle of an epibiotic suctorian ciliate Ephelota plana is adapted to the molt cycle of the krill Euphausia pacifica collected in Saanich Inlet, Canada was evaluated. The infestation prevalence of E. plana and the number of individuals attached increased from postmolt stage to premolt stage of E. pacifica, and concurrently cell growth of E. plana was observed. Budding individuals of E. plana first appeared at early premolt stage and increased to 21% at late premolt stage.Thus the life cycle of E. plana seems to be adapted to the molt cycle of E. pacifica.

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Gymnodinioides pacifica, n. sp., an exuviotrophic ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Parasite diversity of Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) along the northwestern coast of Mexico

Parasite diversity of Nyctiphanes simplex and Nematoscelis difficilis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) along the northwestern coast of Mexico

Pseudocollinia brintoni gen. nov., sp. nov. (Apostomatida: Colliniidae), a parasitoid ciliate infecting the euphausiid Nyctiphanes simplex

Life cycle of the suctorian ciliate Ephelota plana attached to the krill Euphausia pacifica

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