“…J.C.F. Gutsmuths (1759-1839), a prominent teacher at the Philanthropist's School in Schnepfenthal, Germany, in «Gymnastik für die Jugend» (Gymnastics for Youth), presented a system of exercises based on natural science such as games, climbing, balancing, jumping, running, throwing, swimming, skating, exercises aimed at improving perception (Lundquist Wanneberg, 2018;Živanović, Milošević, 2017). He identified two main areas of gymnastics: natural, intended for healing, and artificial, whose movements aim at beauty and performance and not at function (utilitarian and non-utilitarian gymnastics) (Leonard, 1923).…”