Guy de Maupassant and his account of sleep paralysis in his tale, “The Horla”

Miranda, Marcelo; Högl, Birgit

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.02.006

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Due to its somewhat bizarre and sometimes dramatic clinical presentation as well as its frequent occurrence in the general population, sleep paralysis has often been portrayed in the arts, by many writers including Fyodor Dostoevsky and Guy de Maupassant [37,38] and by artists such Heinrich Füssli [39]. There are mentions of sleep paralysis that date back to medieval Persia [40].…”

Section: Sleep Paralysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightmare Disorder and Isolated Sleep Paralysis

Stefani

Högl

2021

Neurotherapeutics

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Nightmare disorder and recurrent isolated sleep paralysis are rapid eye movement (REM) parasomnias that cause significant distress to those who suffer from them. Nightmare disorder can cause insomnia due to fear of falling asleep through dread of nightmare occurrence. Hyperarousal and impaired fear extinction are involved in nightmare generation, as well as brain areas involved in emotion regulation. Nightmare disorder is particularly frequent in psychiatric disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. Nonmedication treatment, in particular imagery rehearsal therapy, is especially effective. Isolated sleep paralysis is experienced at least once by up to 40% of the general population, whereas recurrence is less frequent. Isolated sleep paralysis can be accompanied by very intense and vivid hallucinations. Sleep paralysis represents a dissociated state, with persistence of REM atonia into wakefulness. Variations in circadian rhythm genes might be involved in their pathogenesis. Predisposing factors include sleep deprivation, irregular sleep–wake schedules, and jetlag. The most effective therapy consists of avoiding those factors.

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Section: Sleep Paralysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightmare Disorder and Isolated Sleep Paralysis

Stefani

Högl

2021

Neurotherapeutics

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“…Johann Heinrich Füssli’s painting The Nightmare (1781) shows a sleep paralysis with hypnagogic hallucinations ( Baumann et al, 2007 ). Additionally, sleep paralyses were also described in writings of great novelists like for instance in Dostoevsky’s “The Brothers Karamazov” ( Stefani et al, 2017 ), in Gogol’s tale “The Portrait” (1833) ( Aguirre et al, 2021 ) and in Maupassant’s “The Horla” ( Miranda and Bustamante, 2015 , Miranda and Högl, 2013 ).…”

Section: Recurrent Isolated Sleep Paralysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical neurophysiology of REM parasomnias: Diagnostic aspects and insights into pathophysiology

Bergmann,

Högl,

Stefani

2024

Clinical Neurophysiology Practice

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“…Regardless of the underlying pathophysiology, it is of significance that Márai, in common with many other accomplished writers, called attention to aspects of certain medical conditions long before their description in the medical literature (Miranda & Högl, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%