Ayurveda has a rich history and its significance woven deeply in the Indian culture. The concept of
prakriti
(a person’s “nature” or constitutional type determined by the proportion of three doshas, namely -
vata
,
pitta
and
kapha
) in Ayurveda is deeply rooted in personalized health management. While the attributes of
prakriti
has been established to have a genomic basis, there is dearth of elaborate evidences linking
prakriti
with manifestation of diseases. Next generation sequencing studies have provided a causal link between variation in the gut microbiome and its effect on an individual’s fitness. Separately, reports have identified gut microbial patterns associated with several host variables such as geography, age, diet and extreme
prakriti
phenotypes. Recently, few reports have identified a “core gut microbiome” consisting of
Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Prevotella
and
Ruminococcus
prevalent across the Indian population; however, a few bacterial genera were specifically enriched in certain
prakritis
. Hence, in this review we aim to analyse the role of
prakriti
variations on dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and concomitantly its effect on human health. We suggest that
prakriti
phenotyping can function as a potential stratifier of the gut microbiome in a given population and may provide evidence for the conceptual framework of personalized medicine in Ayurvedic system of medicine.