Gut microbiota signatures and clinical manifestations in celiac disease children at onset: a pilot study

Abstract

Background and Aim Recent researches have shown an altered gut microbiota in celiac disease (CD) patients compared with healthy controls (HCs). This study aims to evaluate the composition of the microbiota of CD children at onset and the relationship between bacterial abundances and symptoms. Methods Celiac disease patients were consecutively enrolled at a pediatric unit referring for suspected CD. HCs were also included in the study. Stool and duodenal samples were collected and evaluated by a high taxonomic fingerprint microbiota array. Results Thirty‐seven subjects enrolled: 21 CD patients and 16 HCs. Fourteen subjects were male (38%). The mean age was 75 months (standard deviation 31.5) for CD patients and 71 months (standard deviation 34.9) for HCs. Duodenal microbiota of CD patients showed a dominance of Enterobacteriaceae and subdominance of Bacteroidetes/Streptococcus. Stool microbiota showed a lower abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella (P = 0.013), Akkermansia (P = 0.002), and Staphylococcaceae (P = 0.001) in CD patients compared with HC. At symptoms level, an increased mean relative abundance of Bacillaceae and Enterobaeriaceae in patients with abdominal pain (P = 0.007 and P = 0.010) was found. CD patients with diarrhea had reduced mean relative abundance of Clostridium cluster XIVa (P = 0.044) and Akkermansia (P = 0.033) and an increase in Bacillaceae (P = 0.048) and Fusobacterium (P = 0.048). Conclusions Gut microbiota of CD children at disease onset is different from that of HC. Pro‐inflammatory microbiota imbalances were associated with CD symptoms. Further studies are needed to assess whether dysbiosis is associated with CD early onset and symptoms.

Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health

“…Dysbiosis can promote celiac disease, and recent studies have established a link between dietary gluten (wheat, oats, barley, rye) and changes in the intestinal microbiome. Several studies suggest that modern lifestyle and eating habits may play a role in disrupting the balance of intestinal bacterial flora [ 53 ].…”

Probiotics, Prebiotics and Other Dietary Supplements for Gut Microbiota Modulation in Celiac Disease Patients

“…The evidence of dysbiosis in CD patients [38][39][40] has gained more and more research on the use of probiotics for gut microbiota restoration and modulation. Indeed, the composition of gut microbiota influences the spectrum of gastrointestinal symptoms of this disease [40]; microbiological studies [26,41,42] showed a different abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains in CD patients at disease diagnosis, other than a reduction in several 'health'-promoting bacterial strains, such as Akkermansia muciniphila, demonstrating an association with intestinal dysbiosis [43]. The unbalanced gut microbiota may indeed promote CD, influencing the mutualistic relationship between the colonic microbiota, their metabolic products, and the host immune system; in order to maintain immunological homeostasis, it is essential to establish a "healthy relationship" since the first years of life [44].…”

Fecal and Duodenal Microbiota in Pediatric Celiac Disease

“…After the screening by title, the duplicated records were removed, and 397 articles were assessed for eligibility based on the abstracts: of those, 114 full-text original articles were considered as eligible according to the aim of this systematic review. The final search output consisted of 18 articles describing the gut microbiota of CD children and including one or more control groups (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30). All the articles finally included in this systematic review are listed in Table 2, where the study population, participants' age group, sample type(s), aim of the study, type of intervention, sample size, and detailed laboratory methods are summarized.…”