Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis

Clapp, Megan; Aurora, Nadia; Herrera, Lindsey; Bhatia, Manisha; Wilen, Emily; Wakefield, Sarah

doi:10.4081/cp.2017.987

Cited by 376 publications

(285 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Mice receiving IBS‐D stool also showed different serum metabolomic profiles associated with faster GI transit, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and innate immune activation . Furthermore, disturbed microbiota profiles are associated with co‐morbidities of IBS, including cognitive changes, anxiety, and depression . These studies indicate the gut microbiota's potential to contribute to IBS symptoms as well as to serve as a therapeutic target.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…15 Furthermore, disturbed microbiota profiles are associated with co-morbidities of IBS, including cognitive changes, anxiety, and depression. 16 These studies indicate the gut microbiota's potential to contribute to IBS symptoms as well as to serve as a therapeutic target. In this brief review, we summarize the gut microbiotabased treatments of IBS, including prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, diet, and FMT.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Herndon

Wang

2019

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder that affects an estimated 11% of people across the world. IBS patients are one of the largest subgroups seen in gastroenterology clinics, exhibit a lesser quality of life, and take greater use of the healthcare system. The exact etiology of IBS remains uncertain. Alterations in the gut microbiome may characterize apotential mechanism in the pathogenesis of IBS. This hypothesis is paralleled by rodent models in which manipulation of the gut microbiota leads to disturbed physiological functions along the brain‐gut axis. Recent research in IBS treatments has redirected its focus towards gu microbiome based therapeutics. In this review, we discuss potential roles of enteric bacteria in the pathogenesis of IBS and its comorbidities. We then explore the manipulation of the enteric microbiota by prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, dietary changes, and fecal microbiota transfer. We also discuss the positive and negative effects of these therapeutics on IBS symptoms.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Herndon

Wang

2019

The Kaohsiung J of Med Scie

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“…The observed links between disturbance of the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) and stress, anxiety, and depression have shifted the research ground for mental disorder [12,44,45]. In response to these emerging findings, probiotics and dietary approaches have been explored in terms of their ability to modulate microbiota and address symptoms [46].…”

Section: Getting Out Of the Head: Guts And Mental Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in recent years, research into the microbiome–gut–brain axis has foregrounded the impact of the gut microbiome on mental health [10], inverting these dominant top-down models of mental illness. This emerging evidence, which shows observable links between gut dysbiosis and some mental health conditions, suggests that mental health is not all about the head, after all, leading to some paradigm shifting interpretations and conclusions about what is actually meant by ‘mental’ health, and how it should be treated [12]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut thinking: the gut microbiome and mental health beyond the head

Lucas

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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Background: In recent decades, dominant models of mental illness have become increasingly focused on the head, with mental disorders being figured as brain disorders. However, research into the active role that the microbiome-gut-brain axis plays in affecting mood and behaviour may lead to the conclusion that mental health is more than an internalised problem of individual brains.Objective: This article explores the implications of shifting understandings about mental health that have come about through research into links between the gut microbiome and mental health problems such as depression and anxiety. It aims to analyse the different ways that the lines between mind and body and mental and physical health are re-shaped by this research, which is starting to inform clinical and public understanding.Design: As mental health has become a pressing issue of political and public concern it has become increasingly constructed in socio-cultural and personal terms beyond clinical spaces, requiring a conceptual response that exceeds biomedical inquiry. This article argues that an interdisciplinary critical medical humanities approach is well positioned to analyse the impact of microbiome-gut-brain research on conceptions of mind.Results: The entanglement of mind and matter evinced by microbiome-gut-brain axis research potentially provides a different way to conceptualise the physical and social concomitants of mental distress.Conclusion: Mental health is not narrowly located in the head but is assimilated by the physical body and intermingled with the natural world, requiring different methods of research to unfold the meanings and implications of gut thinking for conceptions of human selfhood.

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“…Even in 2011, it was still located in the hypothetical realm [2]. Almost a decade later, more clinical trials are needed on humans, as is pointed out in recent reviews [3,4], and the precise nature of the process is still not known. But numerous studies have demonstrated clear links between intestinal microbiota and mood, behaviour, and cognitive impairment [5–8] and such findings could have radical implications for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autointoxication and historical precursors of the microbiome–gut–brain axis

Mathias

2018

Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease

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This article focuses on autointoxication, a discredited medical theory from the late nineteenth century that provides important points of reflection for today’s research on the role of microbes in the human gut for mental health. It considers how the theory of autointoxication, which came into great prominence amongst physicians and the general public worldwide, fell from grace by the middle of the twentieth century, and briefly asks why studies of the human microbiome are now back in vogue. It departs from earlier articles on the topic firstly by arguing that autointoxication theory was especially prevalent in France, and secondly by focusing on the application of this theory to mental health. Bringing to light medical treatises and theses from this period which have so far remained unexamined, it shows that examining the development and reception of medical theories form the past can help us today in understanding both the pitfalls and promise of research in this area.

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Gut Microbiota’s Effect on Mental Health: The Gut-Brain Axis

Cited by 376 publications

References 65 publications

Targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Targeting the gut microbiota for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome

Gut thinking: the gut microbiome and mental health beyond the head

Autointoxication and historical precursors of the microbiome–gut–brain axis

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