Gut microbiota regulates cardiac ischemic tolerance and aortic stiffness in obesity

Battson, Micah L.; Lee, Dustin M.; Puma, Lance C. Li; Ecton, Kayl E.; Thomas, Keely N.; Febvre, Hallie P.; Chicco, Adam J.; Weir, Tiffany L.; Gentile, Christopher L.

doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00346.2019

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…Our result showed that relative abundances of Christensenellaceae were significantly enhanced after 6 weeks of exercise and diet intervention. In the study of obese gut flora, a variety of physiological characteristics related to obesity are affected by specific gut flora (52,53). In our study, we found that microbial changes were significantly correlated with changes in SEVR, AIx75, and resting HR.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity

et al. 2020

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PurposeObesity in children and in adolescents can lead to adult cardiovascular diseases, and the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in obesity pathophysiology. Exercise and diet interventions are typical approaches to improve physical condition and to alter the gut microbiota in individuals with obesity. However, whether central hemodynamic parameters including subendocardial viability ratio, the augmentation index standardized to a heart rate of 75/min (AIx75), resting heart rate, and blood pressure, correlate with gut microbiota changes associated with exercise and diet is unclear.MethodsAdolescents (n = 24, 12.88 ± 0.41 years) with obesity completed our 6-week program of endurance and strength exercises along with dietary restriction. Blood and fecal samples were collected, and physical parameters were measured before and 24 h after the last session of the intervention program. Pulse wave analysis using applanation tonometry provided the subendocardial viability ratio, a surrogate measure of microvascular myocardial perfusion, and AIx75, a measure of arterial stiffness and peripheral arteriolar resistance. Correlation analysis detected any associations of anthropometric or central hemodynamic parameters with gut microbiome composition.ResultsExercise and diet interventions significantly reduced body weight, body mass index, body fat, and waist-to-hip ratio, and lowered levels of fasting blood glucose, serum triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. AIx75 and resting heart rate were also significantly reduced after the intervention without changes to systolic or diastolic blood pressure. The ratio of intestinal microbiota Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes displayed a marked increase after intervention. Interventional changes in gut microbiota members were significantly associated with anthropometric and metabolic parameters. Microbial changes were also significantly correlated with central hemodynamic parameters, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate.ConclusionExercise and diet interventions significantly improved measures of central hemodynamics, including subendocardial viability ratio, AIx75, and resting heart rate, which were correlated with altered gut microbiota in adolescents with obesity. Our findings shed light on the effects and mechanisms underlying exercise and diet interventions on obesity and suggest this approach for treating patients with both cardiovascular disease and obesity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity

et al. 2020

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“…Moreover, the microbiota in the context of obesity can influence many pathologies in different organs or tissues (Jamar, Ribeiro, and Pisani 2020). In an experimental model of cardiac ischemia, Battson et al demonstrated that gut microbiota transplantation alters cardiovascular pathology in lean and obese mice independent of dietary intake, whereas myocardial infarct size was reduced in obese mice receiving lean microbiota and worsened in lean mice receiving obese microbiota (Battson et al 2019). This suggests that "obese microbiota" can be harmful in the development of heart diseases.…”

Section: The Microbiota Gut-lung Axis and Immune Response In Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Alberca

Oliveira

Branco

et al. 2020

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition

125

133

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The current coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic presents a huge challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. Many different risk factors are associated with disease severity, such as older age, diabetes, hypertension, and most recently obesity. The incidence of obesity has been on the rise for the past 25 years, reaching over 2 billion people throughout the world, and obesity itself could be considered a pandemic. In this review, we summarize aspects involved with obesity, such as changes in the immune response, nutritional factors, physiological factors, and the gutlung axis, that impact the viral response and the COVID-19 prognosis.

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“…Accumulating studies identified the roles of SCFAs and related fatty acylations in CVDs. SCFAs not only affect the progression of CVD but also regulate CVD-associated syndromes, such as obesity [64], insulin sensitivity [64,178,179], diabetes [180]. There is now ample evidence that the abovementioned eight SCFAs are protective in CVDs, except that the role of succinate seems to be destructive.…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

2020

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Metabolic dysfunction is a fundamental core mechanism underlying CVDs. Previous studies generally focused on the roles of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) in CVDs. However, a growing body of study has implied that short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs: namely propionate, malonate, butyrate, 2-hydroxyisobutyrate (2-HIBA), β-hydroxybutyrate, crotonate, succinate, and glutarate) and their cognate acylations (propionylation, malonylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, crotonylation, succinylation, and glutarylation) participate in CVDs. Here, we attempt to provide an overview landscape of the metabolic pattern of SCFAs in CVDs. Especially, we would focus on the SCFAs and newly identified acylations and their roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. Clinical Science (2020) 134 657-676 https://doi.org/10.1042/CS20200128 cofactors in certain protein acylations, such as propionylation [14], malonylation [15], butyrylation [14], 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation [16], β-hydroxybutyrylation [17], crotonylation [18], succinylation [19], and glutarylation [20]. These discoveries give us a deeper understanding of PTM. Among PTMs, protein acetylation is the earliest discovered and most studied. Similar to protein acetylation, various studies have shown that these newly discovered PTMs are also involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cardiovascular homeostasis.Here in this review, we will summarize SCFAs, protein acylations, and their emerging roles in CVDs, including atherosclerosis, hypertension, and heart failure. The metabolic pattern and FAs in CVDsThe heart is an 'omnivore' , using FAs, glucose, lactate, ketone bodies, and amino acids as metabolic substrates [5,6]. The substrates utilized by the embryonic heart are significantly different from those used by the adult heart. The embryonic heart depends primarily on glycolysis as well as lactate oxidation to produce energy [21]. The newborn and adult heart shift toward the remarkable utilization of FAs to meet cardiac energy demand [5,9]. In failing hearts, a decrease in FA oxidation and an increase in glycolysis are critically involved in cardiac dysfunction [22]. As thus, the metabolic pattern is essential for maintaining cardiac and vascular functions.Diabetes, hypertension, and obesity contribute to heart failure syndrome. Accumulating evidence suggests that hypertension, ischemic hearts, and heart failure induce a shift in substrate toward the remarkable utilization of glucose to generate energy. Despite this shift, the FA oxidation remains to make much energy for the diseased heart [23]. Since FAs are the predominant substrates for cardiomyocytes, alterations in FA metabolism have been implicated as causal in cardiac diseases. FAs within cells and in the circulation are critically involved in cardiometabolic diseases. CVDs are closely associated with lifestyle and metabolic status, which affect circul...

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Gut microbiota regulates cardiac ischemic tolerance and aortic stiffness in obesity

Cited by 34 publications

References 61 publications

Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity

Six-Week Exercise Training With Dietary Restriction Improves Central Hemodynamics Associated With Altered Gut Microbiota in Adolescents With Obesity

Obesity as a risk factor for COVID-19: an overview

Short-chain fatty acid, acylation and cardiovascular diseases

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