Gut microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Jiang, Hai; Zhou, Yuan yue; Zhou, Guo ling; Li, Yu chuan; Yuan, Jing; Li, Xiao he; Ruan, Bing

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.036

Cited by 117 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…We also applied shotgun metagenomic sequencing to the whole genomes of microorganisms for each specimen, and KEGG was used to analyze the metabolic pathways and identify possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Similar to earlier reports (Jiang et al, 2018;Prehn-Kristensen et al, 2018), we found obvious differences in the gut microbiota of the ADHD and HC groups. Contrary to one study (Prehn-Kristensen et al, 2018), we found the alpha diversity of intestinal flora was not significantly different between groups, but subjects with ADHD had significantly lower levels of Faecalibacterium.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric condition that may be related to an imbalance of neural transmitters. The gut microbiota is the largest ecosystem in the human body, and the brain-gut axis theory proposes that the gut microbiome can affect brain function in multiple ways. The purpose of this study was to explore the gut microbiota in children with ADHD and assess the possible role of the gut microbiota in disease pathogenesis to open new avenues for ADHD treatment.Methods: A case-control design was used. We enrolled 17 children aged 6-12 years with ADHD who were treated in the Pediatric Outpatient Department of the First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital from January to June, 2019. Seventeen children aged 6-12 years were selected as the healthy control (HC) group. Fecal samples of cases and controls were analyzed by shotgun metagenomics sequencing. Alpha diversity and the differences in the relative abundances of bacteria were compared between the two groups. Functional annotations were performed for the microbiota genes and metabolic pathways were analyzed using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Results:There was no significant difference in the alpha diversity of gut microbiota between the ADHD and HC groups. Compared with HCs, Faecalibacterium and Veillonellaceae were significantly reduced in children with ADHD (P < 0.05), Odoribacter and Enterococcus were significantly increased [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 2]. At the species level, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Lachnospiraceae bacterium, and Ruminococcus gnavus were significantly reduced in the ADHD group (P < 0.05), while Bacteroides caccae, Odoribacter splanchnicus, Paraprevotella xylaniphila, and Veillonella parvula were increased (P < 0.05). Metabolic pathway analysis revealed significant between-group differences in the metabolic pathways of neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin and dopamine) (P < 0.05). Frontiers in Neuroscience | www.frontiersin.org 1 February 2020 | Volume 14 | Article 127 Wan et al. Gut Microbiota Role in ADHDConclusion: Composition differences of gut microbiota in subjects with ADHD may contribute to brain-gut axis alterations and affect neurotransmitter levels, which could contribute to ADHD symptoms.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…A systematic review revealed two studies that assessed the correlation between ADHD and intestinal flora (Lacorte et al, 2019). Both employed 16S rRNAsequencing technology and only analyzed the difference in gut microflora (Jiang et al, 2018;Prehn-Kristensen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…In individuals with ADHD, the abundance of F. prausnitzii was negatively associated with parental reports of ADHD symptoms. However, there was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the ADHD and control groups …”

Section: Brain‐gut‐microbiota Interactions In Young Agementioning

confidence: 73%

“…However, there was no significant difference in alpha diversity between the ADHD and control groups. 38…”

Section: Br Ain -G Ut-microb Iota Inter Ac Ti On S In Young Ag Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Helicobacter pyloriand some aspects of gut microbiota in children

2018

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Helicobacter pylori infection in children differs from infection in adults in many aspects. The rate of infection, epidemiology, clinical presentations and complications, the applicability of diagnostic tests, antibiotic resistance, treatment options, and success rates differ significantly. Due to all these differences, management guidelines for children and adults differ also substantially. In 2017, the Updated ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN Guidelines on the management of H. pylori infection in children were published, emphasizing the differences in clinical presentation and indications for treatment, stating that the primary goal of clinical investigation in children is to identify the cause of upper gastrointestinal symptoms rather than the presence of H. pylori infection. Therefore, the diagnosis should be based on upper endoscopy, and the "test and treat strategy" should not be used in children. Due to an increasing rate of antibiotic resistance worldwide, the updated guidelines recommend broader use of antimicrobial susceptibility testing for H. pylori strains in order to tailor eradication treatment accordingly. Moreover, treatment in children should be prescribed only when indicated and should be based on the rate of eradication in local populations aiming for treatment success above 90%. During the last two decades there has been a steady decrease in the rate of H. pylori infection in both children and adults in the Western world. Two recent publications studying the incidence of H. pylori infection confirmed that early childhood is a time for acquisition of infection both in industrialized and nonindustrialized countries. In addition, they showed that H. pylori could be acquired outside the family. In respect to the inverse association between H. pylori and allergy, a longitudinal study demonstrated that early exposure to H. pylori at any age was inversely associated with atopy and allergic conditions.

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“…Additionally, the presence of Proteobacteria pathobionts species has been shown to profoundly influence vulnerability to gut pathology (Chow et al, 2011;Langgartner et al, 2017). In humans, connections are emerging between the gut microbiota and brain health (Jiang et al, 2018;Pulikkan et al, 2018;Shen et al, 2018;Winter, Hart Robert, Charlesworth Richard, & Sharpley Christopher, 2018). As research continues to elucidate the microbiota-brain-gut axis (Foster, Rinaman, & Cryan, 2017), it will be important to understand how early life environmental stress exposure and dysbiosis effect preterm infant short-and long-term neurodevelopment (Groer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of early life NICU stress on the developing gut microbiome

D'Agata

Welandawe

et al. 2019

Developmental Psychobiology

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Succession of gut microbial community structure for newborns is highly influenced by early life factors. Many preterm infants cared for in the NICU are exposed to parent–infant separation, stress, and pain from medical care procedures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of early life stress on the trajectory of gut microbial structure. Stool samples from very preterm infants were collected weekly for 6 weeks. NICU stress exposure data were collected daily for 6 weeks. V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR and sequenced. Zero‐inflated beta regression model with random effects was used to assess the impact of stress on gut microbiome trajectories. Week of sampling was significant for Escherichia, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium, Proteus, Streptococcus, Clostridium butyricum, and Clostridium perfringens. Antibiotic usage was significant for Proteus, Citrobacter, and C. perfringens. Gender was significant for Proteus. Stress exposure occurring 1 and 2 weeks prior to sampling had a significant effect on Proteus and Veillonella. NICU stress exposure had a significant effect on Proteus and Veillonella. An overall dominance of Gammaproteobacteria was found. Findings suggest early life NICU stress may significantly influence the developing gut microbiome, which is important to NICU practice and future microbiome research.

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Gut microbiota profiles in treatment-naïve children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 117 publications

References 36 publications

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Case-Control Study of the Effects of Gut Microbiota Composition on Neurotransmitter Metabolic Pathways in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Helicobacter pyloriand some aspects of gut microbiota in children

Effects of early life NICU stress on the developing gut microbiome

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