Gut Microbiota of Obese Children Influences Inflammatory Mucosal Immune Pathways in the Respiratory Tract to Influenza Virus Infection: Optimization of an Ideal Duration of Microbial Colonization in a Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Renu, Sankar; Deblais, Loïc; Patil, Veerupaxagouda; Schrock, Jennifer; Kathayat, Dipak; Srivastava, Vishal; Feliciano-Ruiz, Ninoshkaly; Han, Yi; Ramesh, A.; Lakshmanappa, Yashavanth Shaan; Ghimire, Shristi; Dhakal, Santosh; Rajashekara, Gireesh; Renukaradhya, Gourapura J.

doi:10.1128/spectrum.02674-21

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…Very little is known about how gut microbiota responds to influenza virus infection, but the observed increase in Klebsiella , whose members have polysaccharide-based capsules and colonize the nasal, oral, and intestinal tracts, concurs with a recent study that reported Klebsiella increase following influenza virus infection in piglets whose gut microbiota was humanized with fecal microbiota from healthy or obese donors [ 57 ]. Clostridium , Klebsiella , and Streptococcus all contain infectious species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Differentially Influences the Mucosal Immune Pathways Upon Influenza Infection in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Schrock,

Yan,

Dolatyabi

et al. 2024

Curr Microbiol

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In this study, we evaluated the impact of human gut microbiota on the immune pathways in the respiratory tract using a gnotobiotic (Gn) piglet model. We humanized piglets with rural and urban infant fecal microbiota (RIFM and UIFM, respectively) and then infected them with a H1N1 swine influenza virus. We analyzed the microbial diversity and structure of the intestinal and respiratory tracts of the piglets before and after the influenza virus infection and measured the viral load and immune responses. We found that the viral load in the upper respiratory tract of UIFM transplanted piglets was higher than their rural cohorts (RIFM), while virus-specific antibody responses were comparable. The relative cytokine gene expression in the tracheobronchial (respiratory tract) and mesenteric (gastrointestinal) lymph nodes, lungs, blood, and spleen of RIFM and UIFM piglets revealed a trend in reciprocal regulation of proinflammatory, innate, and adaptive immune-associated cytokines as well as the frequency of T-helper/memory cells, cytotoxic T cells, and myeloid immune cell subsets. We also observed different phylum-level shifts of the fecal microbiota in response to influenza virus infection between the two piglet groups, suggesting the potential impact of the gut microbiota on the immune responses to influenza virus infection and lung microbiota. In conclusion, Gn piglets humanized with diverse infant fecal microbiota had differential immune regulation, with UIFM favoring the activation of proinflammatory immune mediators following an influenza virus infection compared to their rural RIFM cohorts. Furthermore, Gn piglets can be a useful model in investigating the impact of diverse human microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract, probably also the respiratory tract, on respiratory health and testing specific probiotic- or prebiotic-based therapeutics.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Differentially Influences the Mucosal Immune Pathways Upon Influenza Infection in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Schrock,

Yan,

Dolatyabi

et al. 2024

Curr Microbiol

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“…Alterations in the gut microbiota are linked not only to the development of local gut pathologies, such as IBD, but are critical in systemic disorders such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and MetS. 37 , 38 Here, we add to the body of evidence showing that events occurring in the gut epithelium orchestrate systemic, microbiome-dependent consequences. Specifically, we demonstrate a direct mechanistic link between the loss of epithelial-specific DUOX2 activity and the development of MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Intestinal Epithelial Inactivity of Dual Oxidase 2 Results in Microbiome-Mediated Metabolic Syndrome

Hazime¹,

Ducasa²,

Santander³

et al. 2023

Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology

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“…Fish infected by specific pathogens can have different gut microbial communities, which should be considered when interpreting results ( Wang C. et al, 2018 ). Several studies have evaluated host–microbe interactions by using germ-free and gnotobiotic models ( Darnaud et al, 2021 ; Pérez-Pascual et al, 2021 ; Luna et al, 2022 ; Renu et al, 2022 ), but detailed mechanisms of how the fish microbiota interact with mucosal surfaces need to be further investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between gut microbiota and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) health and growth performance in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

et al. 2023

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Gut microbiota play important roles in fish health and growth performance and the microbiome in fish has been shown to be a biomarker for stress. In this study, we surveyed the change of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) gut and water microbiota in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) for 7 months and evaluated how gut microbial communities were influenced by fish health and growth performance. The gut microbial diversity significantly increased in parallel with the growth of the fish. The dominant gut microbiota shifted from a predominance of Firmicutes to Proteobacteria, while Proteobacteria constantly dominated the water microbiota. Photobacterium sp. was persistently the major gut microbial community member during the whole experiment and was identified as the core gut microbiota for freshwater farmed Chinook salmon. No significant variation in gut microbial diversity and composition was observed among fish with different growth performance. At the end of the trial, 36 out of 78 fish had fluid in their swim bladders. These fish had gut microbiomes containing elevated proportions of Enterococcus, Stenotrophomonas, Aeromonas, and Raoultella. Our study supports the growing body of knowledge about the beneficial microbiota associated with modern salmon aquaculture systems and provides additional information on possible links between dysbiosis and gut microbiota for Chinook salmon.

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Gut Microbiota of Obese Children Influences Inflammatory Mucosal Immune Pathways in the Respiratory Tract to Influenza Virus Infection: Optimization of an Ideal Duration of Microbial Colonization in a Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Cited by 8 publications

References 87 publications

Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Differentially Influences the Mucosal Immune Pathways Upon Influenza Infection in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Human Infant Fecal Microbiota Differentially Influences the Mucosal Immune Pathways Upon Influenza Infection in a Humanized Gnotobiotic Pig Model

Intestinal Epithelial Inactivity of Dual Oxidase 2 Results in Microbiome-Mediated Metabolic Syndrome

Relationship between gut microbiota and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) health and growth performance in freshwater recirculating aquaculture systems

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