Gut microbiota of mice putatively modifies amino acid metabolism in the host brain

Kawase, Takahiro; Nagasawa, Mao; Ito, Hiromi; Yasuo, Shinobu; Koga, Yuichi; Furuse, Mitsuhiro

doi:10.1017/s0007114517000678

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The Kawase team noted that l-arginine(l-Arg), l-glutamine(l-Gln), l-isoleucine(l-Ile), and l-leucine(l-Leu) were significantly higher in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice than in germ-free (GF) mice. However, d-Aspartate, d-serine, and l-serine were higher in some brain regions of GF mice than in those of SPF mice [20].…”

Section: Potential Role Of D-glutamate In Brain-gut-microbiota Axismentioning

confidence: 69%

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d-glutamate and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

Chang

Lin

Lane

2020

IJMS

119

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Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that the brain–gut–microbiota axis may significantly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Moreover, impaired memory and learning involve the dysfunction neurotransmission of glutamate, the agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current cutting-edge research on the gut microbiota and glutamate alterations associated with dementia. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews were reviewed for all studies on glutamate and gut microbiota in dementia published up until Feb 2020. Results: Several pilot studies have reported alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in AD patients and other forms of dementia. Gut microbiota including Bacteroides vulgatus and Campylobacter jejuni affect glutamate metabolism and decrease the glutamate metabolite 2-keto-glutaramic acid. Meanwhile, gut bacteria with glutamate racemase including Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, and Brevibacterium avium can convert l-glutamate to d-glutamate. N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-enhancing agents have been found to potentially improve cognition in AD or Parkinson’s disease patients. These findings suggest that d-glutamate (d-form glutamate) metabolized by the gut bacteria may influence the glutamate NMDAR and cognitive function in dementia patients. Conclusions: Gut microbiota and glutamate are potential novel interventions to be developed for dementia. Exploring comprehensive cognitive functions in animal and human trials with glutamate-related NMDAR enhancers are warranted to examine d-glutamate signaling efficacy in gut microbiota in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative dementias.

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Section: Potential Role Of D-glutamate In Brain-gut-microbiota Axismentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, studies on d-glutamate are limited and their role in neurocognitive function remains unclear. Animal studies have reported higher d-glutamate levels in specific brain regions [19,20], and a pilot human study showed that d-glutamate levels are associated with cognitive functions in AD or MCI patients [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

d-glutamate and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

Chang

Lin

Lane

2020

IJMS

119

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“…D-Asp was present in the nervous system of cephalopods and D-Ala in the muscle and hepatopancreas of crustaceans (Bender, 2012). Furthermore, the presence of D-Ser, D-Asp, and D-Ala was confirmed in plasma and brain tissues of both germ-free and specific pathogen-free mice (Kawase et al, 2017). These facts suggest that DAAO and D-Asp oxidase are necessary for the D-amino acids produced by intestinal bacteria and those provided by the animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Nutritional Characteristics and Functions of D-Amino Acids in the Chicken

Tomonaga

Furuse

2020

J. Poult. Sci.

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D-Amino acids occur in modest amounts in bacterial proteins and the bacterial cell wall, as well as in peptide antibiotics. Therefore, D-amino acids present in terrestrial vertebrates were believed to be derived from bacteria present in the gastrointestinal tract or fermented food. However, both exogenous and endogenous origins of D-amino acids have been confirmed. Terrestrial vertebrates possess an enzyme for converting certain L-isomers to Disomers. D-Amino acids have nutritional aspects and functions, some are similar to, and others are different from those of L-isomers. Here, we describe the nutritional characteristics and functions of D-amino acids and also discuss the future perspectives of D-amino acid nutrition in the chicken.

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“…Further research is needed to identify the central effects of glutamine in AN. Interestingly, Kawase et al focused recently on the relationship between the gut microbiota and the brain amino acids in specific pathogen-free (SPF) and germ-free (GF) mice [70]. L-glutamine concentrations were higher in SPF than in GF mice both in plasma and brain.…”

Section: Perspectives: Toward New Combined Strategies?mentioning

confidence: 99%

New therapeutic approaches to target gut-brain axis dysfunction during anorexia nervosa

Achamrah

Déchelotte

Coëffier

2019

Clinical Nutrition Experimental

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Dysregulation of gut-brain axis seems to play a key role in anorexia nervosa (AN) pathophysiology. Central alterations of hypothalamic epituitaryeadrenal axis, neurotransmission, food intake regulation, and peripheral alterations of gut barrier, gut microbiota, immune system, have been reported in AN. Potential beneficial effects of physical activity on gut-brain axis have been observed during refeeding in AN. As nutritional support, psychotherapy, anxiolytics, antidepressants, programmed physical activity needs to be considered as a novel therapeutic tool in AN management. In the future, combined strategies of gut-brain modulations should be assessed in AN, including other promising candidates, probiotics, glutamine and omega-3 fatty acids.

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Gut microbiota of mice putatively modifies amino acid metabolism in the host brain

Cited by 98 publications

References 52 publications

d-glutamate and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

d-glutamate and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutritional Characteristics and Functions of D-Amino Acids in the Chicken

New therapeutic approaches to target gut-brain axis dysfunction during anorexia nervosa

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