Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant diet at 4 months

Azad, Meghan B.; Konya, Theodore; Maughan, Heather; Guttman, David S.; Field, Catherine J.; Chari, Radha; Sears, Malcolm R.; Becker, Allan B.; Scott, James A.; Kozyrskyj, Anita L.

doi:10.1503/cmaj.121189

Cited by 774 publications

(720 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In addition to CS 31,[35][36][37] , antibiotics to the mother or infant 29 , breastfeeding 35,37 and…”

Section: Environmental Factors Impact Gut Microbiota Establishment Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies that have applied DNA-based approaches have demonstrated perturbations in infant gut microbiomes with lower diversity of Bacteroidetes 36 and abundance of the genus Bacteroides in CS-delivered infants [35][36][37] suggesting that dysbiosis may, at least partly, contribute. Beyond its direct impact on microbial exposure, CS requires antibiotic treatment and can delay onset of breastfeeding, which can lead to further ecological perturbations [35][36][37] .…”

Section: West 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies

West

Renz²,

Jenmalm

et al. 2015

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Self Cite

216

158

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Rapid environmental transition and modern lifestyles are likely driving changes in the biodiversity of the human gut microbiota. With clear effects on physiologic, immunologic, and metabolic processes in human health, aberrations in the gut microbiome and intestinal homeostasis have the capacity for multisystem effects. Changes in microbial composition are implicated in the increasing propensity for a broad range of inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, and associated noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). There are also suggestive implications for neurodevelopment and mental health. These diverse multisystem influences have sparked interest in strategies that might favorably modulate the gut microbiota to reduce the risk of many NCDs. For example, specific prebiotics promote favorable intestinal colonization, and their fermented products have anti-inflammatory properties. Specific probiotics also have immunomodulatory and metabolic effects. However, when evaluated in clinical trials, the effects are variable, preliminary, or limited in magnitude. Fecal microbiota transplantation is another emerging therapy that regulates inflammation in experimental models. In human subjects it has been successfully used in cases of Clostridium difficile infection and IBD, although controlled trials are lacking for IBD. Here we discuss relationships between gut colonization and inflammatory NCDs and gut microbiota modulation strategies for their treatment and prevention

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“…In addition to CS 31,[35][36][37] , antibiotics to the mother or infant 29 , breastfeeding 35,37 and…”

Section: Environmental Factors Impact Gut Microbiota Establishment Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: West 11mentioning

confidence: 99%

The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies

West

Renz²,

Jenmalm

et al. 2015

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Self Cite

216

158

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The Extended Hygiene Hypothesis (EHH) hypothesizes that infants born by cesarean delivery have different colonization of the gut flora compared with infants born by vaginal birth. This may potentially affect the neonatal immune response 8, 9. The EPIgenetic Impact of Childbirth (EPIIC) hypothesis raises concern over the effects of stress (too high and too low) caused by medical and operative birth interventions to the epigenetic regulation of gene expression in the immune system 10, 11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of medical and operative birth interventions on child health outcomes in the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age: A linked data population‐based cohort study

Peters

Thornton

Jonge

et al. 2018

Birth

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BackgroundSpontaneous vaginal birth rates are decreasing worldwide, while cesarean delivery, instrumental births, and medical birth interventions are increasing. Emerging evidence suggests that birth interventions may have an effect on children's health. Therefore, the aim of our study was to examine the association between operative and medical birth interventions on the child's health during the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age.MethodsIn New South Wales (Australia), population‐linked data sets were analyzed, including data on maternal characteristics, child characteristics, mode of birth, interventions during labor and birth, and adverse health outcomes of the children (ie, jaundice, feeding problems, hypothermia, asthma, respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disorders, other infections, metabolic disorder, and eczema) registered with the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision, Australian Modification codes. Logistic regression analyses were performed for each adverse health outcome.ResultsOur analyses included 491 590 women and their children; of those 38% experienced a spontaneous vaginal birth. Infants who experienced an instrumental birth after induction or augmentation had the highest risk of jaundice, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61‐2.91) compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by cesarean delivery were particularly at statistically significantly increased risk for infections, eczema, and metabolic disorder, compared with spontaneous vaginal birth. Children born by emergency cesarean delivery showed the highest association for metabolic disorder, aOR 2.63 (95% CI 2.26‐3.07).ConclusionChildren born by spontaneous vaginal birth had fewer short‐ and longer‐term health problems, compared with those born after birth interventions.

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“…[13][14][15][16] Germ-free mice show developmental abnormality in the GI tract that can be reversed by reconstructing the gut microbiota, suggesting a role for gut microbiota in postnatal development of the enteric nervous system (ENS). 17,18 This period is also critical for the development of the CNS leading to the suggestion, based on experimental models, that gut microbiota may be an important factor participating in the development of cognitive, emotional, and behavioral processes shortly after birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

Yarandi

Peterson

Treisman

et al. 2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

209

124

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Gut microbiome is an integral part of the Gut-Brain axis. It is becoming increasingly recognized that the presence of a healthy and diverse gut microbiota is important to normal cognitive and emotional processing. It was known that altered emotional state and chronic stress can change the composition of gut microbiome, but it is becoming more evident that interaction between gut microbiome and central nervous system is bidirectional. Alteration in the composition of the gut microbiome can potentially lead to increased intestinal permeability and impair the function of the intestinal barrier. Subsequently, neuro-active compounds and metabolites can gain access to the areas within the central nervous system that regulate cognition and emotional responses. Deregulated inflammatory response, promoted by harmful microbiota, can activate the vagal system and impact neuropsychological functions. Some bacteria can produce peptides or short chain fatty acids that can affect gene expression and inflammation within the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize the evidence supporting the role of gut microbiota in modulating neuropsychological functions of the central nervous system and exploring the potential underlying mechanisms.

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Gut microbiota of healthy Canadian infants: profiles by mode of delivery and infant diet at 4 months

Cited by 774 publications

References 28 publications

The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies

The gut microbiota and inflammatory noncommunicable diseases: Associations and potentials for gut microbiota therapies

The effect of medical and operative birth interventions on child health outcomes in the first 28 days and up to 5 years of age: A linked data population‐based cohort study

Modulatory Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Central Nervous System: How Gut Could Play a Role in Neuropsychiatric Health and Diseases

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