Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights

Junyi, Liang; Yueyang, Wang; Bin, Liu; Xiaohong, Dong; Wenhui, Cai; Ning, Zhang; Hong, Zhang

doi:10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w

Mol Neurobiol

2024

DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04513-w

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Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights

Liang Junyi,

Wang Yueyang,

Liu Bin

et al.

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Cited by 1 publication

References 204 publications

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Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement

Popescu,

Munteanu,

Anghelescu

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Recent studies underscore the role of gut and oral microbiota in influencing neuroinflammation through the microbiota–gut–brain axis, including in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This review aims to provide a comprehensive synthesis of recent findings on the involvement of gut and oral microbiota in the neuroinflammatory processes associated with AD, emphasizing novel insights and therapeutic implications. This review reveals that dysbiosis in AD patients’ gut and oral microbiota is linked to heightened peripheral and central inflammatory responses. Specific bacterial taxa, such as Bacteroides and Firmicutes in the gut, as well as Porphyromonas gingivalis in the oral cavity, are notably altered in AD, leading to significant changes in microglial activation and cytokine production. Gut microbiota alterations are associated with increased intestinal permeability, facilitating the translocation of endotoxins like lipopolysaccharides (LPS) into the bloodstream and exacerbating neuroinflammation by activating the brain’s toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways. Furthermore, microbiota-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and amyloid peptides, can cross the blood-brain barrier and modulate neuroinflammatory responses. While microbial amyloids may contribute to amyloid-beta aggregation in the brain, certain SCFAs like butyrate exhibit anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting a potential therapeutic avenue to mitigate neuroinflammation. This review not only highlights the critical role of microbiota in AD pathology but also offers a ray of hope by suggesting that modulating gut and oral microbiota could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing neuroinflammation and slowing disease progression.

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Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement

Popescu,

Munteanu,

Anghelescu

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

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Gut Microbiota Mediates Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Unraveling Key Factors and Mechanistic Insights

Cited by 1 publication

References 204 publications

Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement

Novelties on Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease–Focus on Gut and Oral Microbiota Involvement

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