Gut microbiota in ischemic stroke: Where we stand and challenges ahead

Long, Jia-Xin; Wang, Jinlong; Li, Yang; Chen, Shuai

doi:10.3389/fnut.2022.1008514

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 180 publications

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“… 42 Multiple mechanisms linking microbiota as well as the associated metabolites have been proposed to play a role in pathogenesis of ischemic stroke, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, and neuroinflammation. 43 The current study examined the role of the microbiome in the regulation of neuroinflammation, but the other factor affecting infant brain susceptibility to hypoxia-ischemia due to gut-brain interaction remains to be discovered. Infant microbiota is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to brain cognitive development.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Drobyshevsky,

Synowiec,

Goussakov

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

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Premature infants lack a normal intestinal microbial community and also at risk of perinatal hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury, which is considered to be one of the major factors for motor, sensory, and cognitive deficits. We hypothesized that neonatal gut microbiota composition modulated the immune reaction and severity of neonatal H-I brain injury. Neonatal C57BL/6J mouse pups were exposed to H-I protocol consisting of permanent left carotid artery ligation, followed by 8% hypoxia for 60 min. Microbial manipulation groups included 1) antibiotic treatment, E18 (maternal) to P5; 2) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + E. coli gavage; 3) antibiotic treatment E18 to P5 + B. infantis gavage; and 4) saline to pups with dams getting fresh water. The extent of brain injury and recovery was measured on MRI. Edematous injury volume was significantly higher in E. coli group than that in B. infantis group and in fresh water group. Gene expression in brains of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL1β, IL6, IL2, TNF-α and toll-like receptors 2–6) were elevated to a greater extent in the E. coli group at P10, no injury, and at P13, 72 hours after H-I relative to sham control and B. infantis groups. Significant effects of microbiome and brain injury and interaction of these factors were found in abundance of major phyla. The neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia are affected by intestinal microbiota, providing opportunities for therapeutic intervention through targeting the early colonization and development of the gut microbiota.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Drobyshevsky,

Synowiec,

Goussakov

et al. 2024

Gut Microbes

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“…Moreover, the GM plays a crucial role in the synthesis and release of various hormones, neurotransmitters, and active metabolites, which orchestrate host metabolism and immune function, consequently influencing brain function and host behavior. 20 For instance, certain microbial genera such as Faecalibacterium , Oscillibacter , Roseburia , Bifidobacterium , Coprococcus , and Butyrivibrio contribute to immunomodulation through the production of SCFAs and bile acids, exerting a protective effect on the ischemic brain. 9,21,22 Conversely, genera like Prevotella , Klebsiella , and Fusobacterium have been associated with heightened inflammation and exacerbated neural damage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Neurological Deficits in Patients With Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

Bao,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2024

Neurorehabil Neural Repair

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Objective The aim of the paper was to investigate the composition and structure of intestinal flora in patients with cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), and to investigate the relationship between gut microbiota (GM) and different levels of stroke severity. Methods In this study, 47 CIS patients (16 mild, 21 moderate, and 10 severe) and 15 healthy controls were included. General information, clinical data, and behavioral scores of the enrolled subjects were collected. Deoxyribonucleic acid in fecal intestinal flora was extracted and detected using high-throughput Illumina 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing technology. Finally, the correlation between the community composition of intestinal microbiota and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in CIS patients was analyzed. Results Compared with healthy controls, there was no statistically significant difference in Alpha diversity among CIS patients, but the principal coordinate analysis showed significant differences in the composition of the GM among stroke patients with different degrees of severity and controls. In CIS patients, Streptococcus was significantly enriched, and Eshibacter—Shigella, Bacteroides, and Agathobacter were significantly down-regulated ( P < .05). In addition, the relative abundance of Blautia was negatively correlated with the NIHSS score. Conclusions Our results show that different degrees of CIS severity exert distinct effects on the intestinal microbiome. This study reveals the intestinal microecological changes after brain injury from the perspective of brain–gut axis. Intestinal microorganisms not only reveal the possible pathological process and indicate the severity of neurologic impairment, but also make targeted therapy possible for CIS patients.

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“…Over 50% of patients with IS experience gastrointestinal complications, including swallowing difficulties, intestinal motility and absorption disorders, gastrointestinal bleeding, intestinal leakage, fecal incontinence, and intestinal septicemia (Durgan et al, 2019;Long et al, 2022). Extensive research in genomics, metabolomics, and proteomics has revealed that the gut microbiota is involved in several pathophysiological events following stroke, and patients with IS with gastrointestinal complications often have a poor prognosis, high mortality rate, and neurological function deterioration (Tuz et al, 2022;Zhao et al, 2023).…”

Section: Gut Microbiota and Post-is Gastrointestinal Dysfunctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke

Zhang,

Ling,

Xiang

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Ischemic stroke (IS) is a serious central nervous system disease. Post-IS complications, such as post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI), post-stroke depression (PSD), hemorrhagic transformation (HT), gastrointestinal dysfunction, cardiovascular events, and post-stroke infection (PSI), result in neurological deficits. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) facilitates bidirectional signal transduction and communication between the intestines and the brain. Recent studies have reported alterations in gut microbiota diversity post-IS, suggesting the involvement of gut microbiota in post-IS complications through various mechanisms such as bacterial translocation, immune regulation, and production of gut bacterial metabolites, thereby affecting disease prognosis. In this review, to provide insights into the prevention and treatment of post-IS complications and improvement of the long-term prognosis of IS, we summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and IS, along with the effects of the gut microbiota on post-IS complications.

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Gut microbiota in ischemic stroke: Where we stand and challenges ahead

Cited by 7 publications

References 180 publications

Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Intestinal microbiota modulates neuroinflammatory response and brain injury after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia

Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Neurological Deficits in Patients With Cerebral Ischemic Stroke

Role of the gut microbiota in complications after ischemic stroke

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