Gut Microbiota in Health and Diseases

Krga, Irèna; Glibetić, Maria

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00045-0

Cited by 6 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 196 publications

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“…74 Recent research indicate that most human diseases were associated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota. 49,75,76 However, conventional medicines treatments are often struggle to effectively target the gut microbiota, alleviate the diseases related to the gut microbiota and difficult to fundamentally solve the cause of some metabolic diseases, and even cause undesirable side effects such as flora disturbance. 77,78 The interplay between medicines and the composition of gut microbiota challenges prior concepts of medicine specificity and reveals broader physiological impacts.…”

Section: Current Issues and Limitations Of Traditional Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, an increase in mucolytic bacteria like Ruminococcus species, virulent Escherichia coli , and Bacteroides fragili s might result in mucosal damage and exacerbated bacterial invasion 48 . In metabolic‐related diseases, it is commonly observed that obese individuals have increased abundance of Firmicutes , Bacteroidetes , Clostridia , and Lactobacillus , while the abundance of Bacteroides , Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , A. muciniphila , Lactobacillus paracasei , and Lactobacillus plantarum decreased 49 . Type 2 diabetes is positively correlated with Clostridium , Ruminococcus , and Blautia but negatively with Bacteroides , Bifidobacterium , Pseudobacteroides , and Parabacteroides 50 .…”

Section: Importance Of Gut Microbiota In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some medicines have a narrow therapeutic window, making optimal dosing difficult without risking toxicity or subtherapeutic levels 74 . Recent research indicate that most human diseases were associated with changes in the composition of gut microbiota 49,75,76 . However, conventional medicines treatments are often struggle to effectively target the gut microbiota, alleviate the diseases related to the gut microbiota and difficult to fundamentally solve the cause of some metabolic diseases, and even cause undesirable side effects such as flora disturbance 77,78 …”

Section: Probiotics Prebiotics and Postbiotics Therapy Emerges As Alt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

Ji,

Jin,

Liu

et al. 2023

MedComm

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The gut microbiota and its homeostasis play a crucial role in human health. However, for some diseases related to the gut microbiota, current traditional medicines can only relieve symptoms, and it is difficult to solve the root causes or even cause side effects like disturbances in the gut microbiota. Increasing clinical studies and evidences have demonstrated that probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics can prevent and treat various diseases, but currently they can only be used as dietary supplements rather than medicines, which restricts the application of probiotics in the field of medicine. Here, this review analyzes the importance of gut microbiota in human health and the current problems of traditional medicines, and systematically summarizes the effectiveness and mechanisms of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in maintaining health and treating diseases based on animal models and clinical trials. And based on current research outcomes and development trends in this field, the challenges and prospects of their clinical application in maintaining health, alleviating and treating diseases are analyzed. It is hoped to promote the application of probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in disease treatment and open up new frontiers in probiotic research.

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Section: Current Issues and Limitations Of Traditional Medicinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Importance Of Gut Microbiota In Health and Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Probiotics Prebiotics and Postbiotics Therapy Emerges As Alt...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

Ji,

Jin,

Liu

et al. 2023

MedComm

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“…Intestinal microbiomes use dietary components as substrates for fermentation, and the produced metabolites participate in various physiological processes. Normally, the gastrointestinal microbiota is stable and maintains balance in homeostasis with its host [ 40 ]. The gut microbiota changes rapidly after dietary ingestion and responds rapidly to the altered diet, those features potentially facilitating the diversity of human dietary lifestyle [ 41 ].…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Food Additives on the Abundance and Composition of Gut Microbiota

Zhou

Qiao

et al. 2023

Molecules

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The gut microbiota has been confirmed as an important part in human health, and is even take as an ‘organ’. The interaction between the gut microbiota and host intestinal environment plays a key role in digestion, metabolism, immunity, inflammation, and diseases. The dietary component is a major factor that affects the composition and function of gut microbiota. Food additives have been widely used to improve the color, taste, aroma, texture, and nutritional quality of processed food. The increasing variety and quantity of processed food in diets lead to increased frequency and dose of food additives exposure, especially artificial food additives, which has become a concern of consumers. There are studies focusing on the impact of food additives on the gut microbiota, as long-term exposure to food additives could induce changes in the microbes, and the gut microbiota is related to human health and disease. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the interaction between the gut microbiota and food additives.

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“…In the CE-M only two genera significantly differed between CTRL and IF birds, therefore, genera in the cecal lumen appear to be more affected by NE. The effect of infection resulted in the decrease of three genera (Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium) and one species (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii) in CE-L which are known or are hypothesized to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA) (Gophna et al, 2017;Krga and Glibetic, 2022). Ruminococcus was also decreased in CE-M.…”

Section: Effects Of Infection and Diet On Taxonomic Composition Of Th...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of microbiota in the ceca of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis fed a commercial corn diet or with corn high in flavonoids (PennHFD1)

Miska,

Proszkowiec-Weglarz,

Buiatte

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiomes

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Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is common in broiler chickens and causes substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. The removal of many antimicrobials in poultry diets has driven the search for alternatives. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiota changes in the cecal luminal (CE-L) and mucosal (CE-M) populations of broiler chickens undergoing clinical NE (co-infected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens) while fed a diet containing a flavonoid rich corn (PennHFD1) or control diet using commercial corns. It was previously shown that chickens fed a diet high in flavonoids had improved performance parameters, lower mortality rate, and lower incidence of intestinal lesions. Flavonoids have been shown to have anti-bacterial, immuno-modulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity. The current study included four experimental groups: infected chickens fed commercial corn diet (CTRL-A) or PennHFD1 (CTRL-B) and infected chickens fed commercial corn diet (IF-A) or PennHFD1 (IF-B). We found that most of the microbiota changes were due to infection rather than diet. The alpha diversity in the IF chickens was lower in both CE-L and CE-M. The beta diversity of microbial communities was different between IF and CTRL chickens, as well as between CTRL-A and CTRL-B. The beta diversity of CTRL birds was more homogenous compared to IF samples. Taxonomic analysis showed a decrease in short chain fatty acid producing bacteria in IF birds. An increase in lactic acid producing bacteria, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus cecorum was also observed in IF birds. It is possible that the effect of the high flavonoid corn on the microbiota was overcome by the effect of NE, or that the positive effects of increased flavonoids in NE-challenged birds are a result of mechanisms which do not involve the microbiota. The effects of high flavonoid corn on NE infections may be further investigated as a possible alternative to antimicrobials.

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Gut Microbiota in Health and Diseases

Cited by 6 publications

References 196 publications

Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

Probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics in health and disease

The Impact of Food Additives on the Abundance and Composition of Gut Microbiota

Comparative analysis of microbiota in the ceca of broiler chickens with necrotic enteritis fed a commercial corn diet or with corn high in flavonoids (PennHFD1)

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