Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications

Sun, Yan; Gao, Shouyang; Ye, Cong; Zhao, Weiliang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142041

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…[174] Gut microbiome diversity of PCOS patients is decreased compared to healthy controls, and is associated with intestinal mucosal barrier damage, inflammation, altered gut microbiome metabolism, circulating hormone, sex-hormone levels, and host insulin metabolism. [176] The novel concept of the "microgenderome" suggests important interactions between hormones of the two sexes that have a bidirectional interaction with the gut microbiome. [158] The microbial composition of both sexes diverges at the time of puberty, implying that sex hormones are involved in determining the composition of the microbiome.…”

Section: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Pcos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

Kumari,

Dua

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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The human gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism through the “estrobolome,” the collection of bacterial genes that encode enzymes like β‐glucuronidases and β‐glucosidases. These enzymes deconjugate and reactivate estrogen, influencing circulating levels. The estrobolome mediates the enterohepatic circulation and bioavailability of estrogen. Alterations in gut microbiota composition and estrobolome function have been associated with estrogen‐related diseases like breast cancer, enometrial cancer, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). This is likely due to dysregulated estrogen signaling partly contributed by the microbial impacts on estrogen metabolism. Dietary phytoestrogens also undergo bacterial metabolism into active metabolites like equol, which binds estrogen receptors and exhibits higher estrogenic potency than its precursor daidzein. However, the ability to produce equol varies across populations, depending on the presence of specific gut microbes. Characterizing the estrobolome and equol‐producing genes across populations can provide microbiome‐based biomarkers. Further research is needed to investigate specific components of the estrobolome, phytoestrogen‐microbiota interactions, and mechanisms linking dysbiosis to estrogen‐related pathology. However, current evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is an integral regulator of estrogen status with clinical relevance to women's health and hormonal disorders.

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Section: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (Pcos)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

Kumari,

Dua

et al. 2024

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

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“…Hypotheses about mechanisms of causation need to be based on observational studies in humans, human bio-monitoring studies, intervention studies in animals, and disasters from inadvertent human exposure (279). Large amounts of data are already available that provide "evidence" of the potential harmful effects of EDC in humans (284)(285)(286)(287)(288)(289)(290)(291)(292)(293). The implementation of the "Precautionary Principle" (294), is supported by a long list of previous known disasters that have occurred due to delayed action, or negligent inaction (diethylstilbestrol, thalidomide, nicotine, dioxin, asbestos, mesh) (295).…”

Section: Environmental and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals In Pcosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms that Disturb the Hallmarks of Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Parker¹

2023

Preprint

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Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being characterized as an evolutionary mismatch disorder that presents with a complex mixture of metabolic and endocrine symptoms. The Evolutionary Model proposes that PCOS arises from a collection of inherited polymorphisms that have been consistently demonstrated in a variety of ethnic groups and races. In-utero developmental programming of susceptible genomic variants are thought to predispose the offspring to develop PCOS. Postnatal exposure to lifestyle and environmental risk factors results in epigenetic activation of developmentally programmed genes and disturbance of the hallmarks of health. The resulting pathophysiological changes represent the consequences of poor-quality diet, sedentary behaviour, endocrine disrupting chemicals, stress, circadian disruption, and other lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle and environmental exposures initiate changes that result in disturbance of the gastrointestinal microbiome (dysbiosis), immune dysregulation (chronic inflammation), altered metabolism (insulin resistance), endocrine and reproductive imbalance (hyperandrogenism), and central nervous system dysfunction (neuroendocrine, autonomic nervous system). PCOS can be a progressive metabolic condition that leads to obesity, gestational diabetes, type 2 diabetes, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This review explores the mechanisms that underpin the evolutionary mismatch between ancient survival pathways and contemporary lifestyle factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PCOS.

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“…Altogether, these data could provide a starting point for prebiotic, probiotic, and postbiotic treatments that regulate the gut microbiome, thus improving the symptoms of PCOS patients. 104 The successful preliminary results on dietary fiber treatments, 105 Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotics, 106 and bile acid 107 administration to PCOS women or in animal models, demonstrate the need for further studies on the potential of these treatments. This increases the hope for a patient-friendly, noninvasive improvement of PCOS symptoms.…”

Section: Pathologies Related To the Microbiome In The Fallopian Tubes...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Upper Reproductive System Microbiome: Evidence beyond the Uterus

Canha-Gouveia,

Di Nisio,

Salumets

et al. 2023

Semin Reprod Med

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The microbiome of the female upper reproductive system has garnered increasing recognition and has become an area of interest in the study of women's health. This intricate ecosystem encompasses a diverse consortium of microorganisms (i.e., microbiota) and their genomes (i.e., microbiome) residing in the female upper reproductive system, including the uterus, the fallopian tubes, and ovaries. In recent years, remarkable advancements have been witnessed in sequencing technologies and microbiome research, indicating the potential importance of the microbial composition within these anatomical sites and its impact in women's reproductive health and overall well-being. Understanding the composition, dynamics, and functions of the microbiome of the female upper reproductive system opens up exciting avenues for improving fertility, treating gynecological conditions, and advancing our comprehension of the intricate interplay between the microbiome and the female reproductive system. The aim of this study is to compile currently available information on the microbial composition of the female upper reproductive system in humans, with a focus beyond the uterus, which has received more attention in recent microbiome studies compared with the fallopian tubes and ovaries. In conclusion, this review underscores the potential role of this microbiome in women's physiology, both in health and disease.

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Gut microbiota dysbiosis in polycystic ovary syndrome: Mechanisms of progression and clinical applications

Cited by 21 publications

References 82 publications

From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

From Gut to Hormones: Unraveling the Role of Gut Microbiota in (Phyto)Estrogen Modulation in Health and Disease

Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms that Disturb the Hallmarks of Health in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The Upper Reproductive System Microbiome: Evidence beyond the Uterus

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