Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil

Mello, Carolina Santos; Carmo-Rodrigues, Mirian Silva; Filho, Humberto B. Araujo; Melli, Lígia Cristina Fonseca Lahoz; Tahan, Soraia; Pignatari, Antônio Carlos Campos; Morais, Mauro Batista de

doi:10.1097/mpg.0000000000001186

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…A prospective study with 70 patients with cirrhosis analyzed jejunal secretion cultures and observed an association of bacterial overgrowth with acid-suppressive therapy ( P = 0.01) and hypochlorhydria ( P < 0.001); nevertheless, no statistical association was detected between the presence of SBP and bacterial overgrowth or acid-suppressive therapy[ 8 ]. With regard to the microbiota, few studies[ 33 - 35 ] were carried out in Brazil, making interesting the pioneer knowledge of the impact of the PPIs in cirrhosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Miozzo¹,

John²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

WJH

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AIMTo investigate whether the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) increases the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) in patients with cirrhosis and ascites.METHODSAn historical cohort study was carried out in cirrhotic outpatients with ascites followed in a specialized clinic at a tertiary hospital in Southern Brazil. Patient charts were reviewed to collect information on the variables of interest as the use of PPIs. Primary outcome was defined as development of SBP during the study period. SBP was diagnosed based on ascitic fluid polymorphonuclear cell count ≥ 250 cells/mm³ without evidence of an intra-abdominal, surgically treatable source of infection.RESULTSOf 738 cirrhotic patients, 582 (58.2% male) were enrolled, with mean age of 53.6 ± 12 years. Hepatitis C virus infection (36.2%) and alcohol abuse (25.6%) were the main etiologies of cirrhosis. The presence of ascites was detected in 299 (51.4%) patients during the development of the study. Nineteen patients with previous diagnosis of SBP undergoing secondary prophylaxis and 22 patients with insufficient PPI data were further excluded. Of 258 patients with ascites, 151 used PPIs, and 34 developed SBP (22.5%). Among 107 non-users of PPIs, 23 developed SBP (21.5%) (HR = 1.44, 95%CI: 0.85-2.47, P = 0.176). The median follow-up time of patients using PPI was 27 mo vs 32 mo for non-users. Univariate analysis of the risk factors associated with the development of SBP revealed a significant association of SPB with the severity of liver disease according to the Child-Turcotte-Pugh (CTP) score. Multivariate analysis confirmed that CTP score was the only independent variable influencing the occurrence of SBP. Survival at 60 mo (Kaplan-Meier analysis) was similar in users and non-users of PPI, independently of the presence of SBP (58.4% vs 62.7% respectively, P = 0.66). For patients with SBP, survival at 60 mo was 55.1%, vs 61.7% in patients without SBP (P = 0.34).CONCLUSIONIn conclusion, the rate of SBP was not significantly different in users or non-users of PPIs in this cohort of cirrhotic with ascites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Miozzo¹,

John²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

WJH

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“…A total of 42 studies, which included more than 2000 participants, were included (Table 1). Relative abundance data were not available for 14 of 42 studies [21,30,[51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. Most studies were from Asia, Europe, and North America, with 12 studies each.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review

et al. 2019

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The consortium of trillions of microorganisms that live inside the human gut are integral to health. Little has been done to collate and characterize the microbiome of children. A systematic review was undertaken to address this gap (PROSPERO ID: CRD42018109599). MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched using the keywords: “healthy preadolescent children” and “gut microbiome” to 31 August 2018. Of the 815 journal articles, 42 met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, and genus taxonomic ranks. α-diversity, short chain fatty acid concentrations, diet, 16S rRNA sequencing region, and geographical location were documented. The preadolescent gut microbiome is dominated at the phylum level by Firmicutes (weighted overall average relative abundance = 51.1%) and Bacteroidetes (36.0%); genus level by Bacteroides (16.0%), Prevotella (8.69%), Faecalibacterium (7.51%), and Bifidobacterium (5.47%). Geographic location and 16S rRNA sequencing region were independently associated with microbial proportions. There was limited consensus between studies that reported α-diversity and short chain fatty acids. Broadly speaking, participants from non-Western locations, who were less likely to follow a Westernized dietary pattern, had higher α-diversity and SCFA concentrations. Confirmatory studies will increase the understanding of the composition and functional capacity of the preadolescent gut microbiome.

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“…The standard curve for all of the analyses was created by amplifying a Topo TA plasmid (Invitrogen, ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) carrying a fragment of the reference gene previously amplified by conventional PCR, and its specificity was confirmed by sequencing and BLAST system alignment. With the molecular mass of the plasmid and insert known, it is possible to calculate the copy number as follows: mass in daltons (g/mol) = (size of double-stranded (ds) product in base pairs (bp)) (330 Da × 2 nucleotides (nt)/bp) [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. If the copy number and the concentration of the plasmid DNA are known, the number of molecules added to subsequent real-time PCR runs can be calculated, thus providing a standard for determining the copy numbers of specific genes [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the molecular mass of the plasmid and insert known, it is possible to calculate the copy number as follows: mass in daltons (g/mol) = (size of double-stranded (ds) product in base pairs (bp)) (330 Da × 2 nucleotides (nt)/bp) [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. If the copy number and the concentration of the plasmid DNA are known, the number of molecules added to subsequent real-time PCR runs can be calculated, thus providing a standard for determining the copy numbers of specific genes [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The real-time PCR results are expressed as log CFU per gram of stool (log CFU/g) using the average number of copies of 16S rRNA genes in each bacterium to normalize the counts [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If the copy number and the concentration of the plasmid DNA are known, the number of molecules added to subsequent real-time PCR runs can be calculated, thus providing a standard for determining the copy numbers of specific genes [ 29 , 30 , 31 ]. The real-time PCR results are expressed as log CFU per gram of stool (log CFU/g) using the average number of copies of 16S rRNA genes in each bacterium to normalize the counts [ 29 , 30 , 31 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation

et al. 2018

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Constipation often begins in the first year of life. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in the treatment of infants with constipation. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial included infants with constipation who were randomly assigned to one of two parallel groups: FOS or placebo. Either the FOS supplement or the placebo was added to the infant formula. Thirty-six infants completed the 4-week intervention. Therapeutic success occurred in 83.3% of the FOS group infants and in 55.6% of the control group infants (p = 0.073; one-tailed test). Compared with the control group, the FOS group exhibited a higher frequency of softer stools (p = 0.035) and fewer episodes of straining and/or difficulty passing stools (p = 0.041). At the end of the intervention, the mouth-to-anus transit time was shorter (22.4 and 24.5 h, p = 0.035), and the Bifidobacterium sp. count was higher (p = 0.006) in the FOS group. In conclusion, the use of FOS in infants with constipation was associated with significant improvement in symptoms, but the results showed no statistical significance regarding the success of the therapy compared with the control group. FOS was associated with reduced bowel transit time and higher counts of the genus Bifidobacterium in the stool.

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Gut Microbiota Differences in Children From Distinct Socioeconomic Levels Living in the Same Urban Area in Brazil

Cited by 20 publications

References 46 publications

Influence of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Influence of proton pump inhibitors in the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Characterizing the Composition of the Pediatric Gut Microbiome: A Systematic Review

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Parallel Clinical Trial Assessing the Effect of Fructooligosaccharides in Infants with Constipation

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