Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and hypertension: Mechanism and treatment

Yang, Fan; Chen, Heng-Wen; Gao, Yonghong; An, Na; Li, Xinye; Pan, Xiandu; Yang, Xinyu; Li, Tian; Sun, Jiahao; Xiong, Xingjiang; Xing, Yanwei

doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110503

Cited by 60 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“…In addition, SCFAs are also beneficial in disease treatment, because they can effectively inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and provide energy to normal colonic epithelial cells [ 41 ]. In a study on hypertension, it was found that SCFAs attenuated increases in blood pressure via the regulation of steroid metabolism [ 46 ]. Among various SCFAs, butyric acid has been considered to be the most important, with many studies indicating that butyric acid can effectively regulate the apoptotic pathway in cells, prevent colon cancer, reduce bacterial translocation and the inflammatory response, and improve the intestinal barrier function [ 47 , 48 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Butyric acid also modulates mitochondrial function, including the enhancement of oxidative phosphorylation and β-oxidation, and has been demonstrated as a neuroprotectant that alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction in patients with autism spectrum disorders [ 49 ]. Butyric acid influences the formation and differentiation of gut microbiota, with many studies indicating that timely supplementation with butyric acid can effectively regulate the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio of gut microbiota and promote an increase in Akkermansia abundance, which is beneficial for the prevention of health problems such as obesity, atherosclerosis, and insomnia [ 46 ]. Butyric acid is usually taken in the form of butyrate salts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Liao

Chen

Shih

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Resveratrol can affect the physiology or biochemistry of offspring in the maternal–fetal animal model. However, it exhibits low bioavailability in humans and animals. Fifteen-week SD pregnant female rats were orally administered bisphenol A (BPA) and/or resveratrol butyrate ester (RBE), and the male offspring rats (n = 4–8 per group) were evaluated. The results show that RBE treatment (BPA + R30) compared with the BPA group can reduce the damage caused by BPA (p < 0.05). RBE enhanced the expression of selected genes and induced extramedullary hematopoiesis and mononuclear cell infiltration. RBE increased the abundance of S24-7 and Adlercreutzia in the intestines of the male offspring rats, as well as the concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces. RBE also increased the antioxidant capacity of the liver by inducing Nrf2, promoting the expression of HO-1, SOD, and CAT. It also increased the concentration of intestinal SCFAs, enhancing the barrier formed by intestinal cells, thereby preventing BPA-induced metabolic disruption in the male offspring rats, and reduced liver inflammation. This study identified a potential mechanism underlying the protective effects of RBE against the liver damage caused by BPA exposure during the peri-pregnancy period, and the influence of the gut microbiota on the gut–liver axis in the offspring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Liao

Chen

Shih

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Aleurone was predicted to downregulate the propionate production by the gut bacteria in this study, which could lead to decreased levels of endocrine hormone glucagon-like-peptide 1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 increases insulin serum levels and it is possible that an aleurone-induced decrease in propionate plays a role in the observed effects on the glucose-insulin metabolism as seen in the current study ( 128 ). A different amino acid degradation pathway that was downregulated by aleurone is the Super pathway of taurine degradation , which would provide the horse with more taurine to absorb from its gut.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Untrained Healthy Horses

et al. 2021

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Aleurone, a layer of the bran fraction, is deemed to be responsible for the positive health effects associated with the consumption of whole-grain products. Studies on rodents, pigs, and humans report beneficial effects of aleurone in five main areas: the reduction of oxidative stress, immunomodulatory effects, modulation of energy management, digestive health, and the storage of vitamins and minerals. Our study is the first aleurone supplementation study performed in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an increase in the dose levels of aleurone on the postprandial glucose-insulin metabolism and the gut microbiome in untrained healthy horses. Seven adult Standardbred horses were supplemented with four different dose levels of aleurone (50, 100, 200, and 400 g/day for 1 week) by using a Latin square model with a 1-week wash out in between doses. On day 7 of each supplementation week, postprandial blood glucose-insulin was measured and fecal samples were collected. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing was performed and QIIME2 software was used for microbiome analysis. Microbial community function was assessed by using the predictive metagenome analysis tool Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) and using the Metacyc database of metabolic pathways. The relative abundancies of a pathway were analyzed by using analysis of composition of microbiomes (ANCOM) in R. There was a significant dose-dependent increase in the postprandial time to peak of glucose (p = 0.030), a significant delay in the time to peak of insulin (p = 0.025), and a significant decrease in both the insulin peak level (p = 0.049) and insulin area under the curve (AUC) (p = 0.019) with increasing dose levels of aleurone, with a consideration of 200 g being the lowest significant dose. Alpha diversity and beta diversity of the fecal microbiome showed no significant changes. Aleurone significantly decreased the relative abundance of the genera Roseburia, Shuttleworthia, Anaerostipes, Faecalibacter, and Succinovibrionaceae. The most pronounced changes in the relative abundance at phyla level were seen in Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia (downregulation) and Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes (upregulation). The PICRUSt analysis shows that aleurone induces a downregulation of the degradation of L-glutamate and taurine and an upregulation of the three consecutive pathways of the phospholipid membrane synthesis of the Archaea domain. The results of this study suggest a multimodal effect of aleurone on glucose-insulin metabolism, which is most likely to be caused by its effect on feed texture and subsequent digestive processing; and a synergistic effect of individual aleurone components on the glucose-insulin metabolism and microbiome composition and function.

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“…Notably, several studies have revealed that SCFAs potentially prevent or alleviate risk factors of ASCVDs, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, hypertension, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (Hu et al, 2018;Yang et al, 2020). The existing studies listed above have also confirmed that the anti-AS effect of BBR may be partly due to the regulation of gut microbial-derived SCFAs.…”

Section: Short-chain Fatty Acidsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota

Yang

et al. 2021

Front. Pharmacol.

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Atherosclerosis (AS), especially atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs), and metabolic diseases (such as diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) are major public health issues worldwide that seriously threaten human health. Exploring effective natural product-based drugs is a promising strategy for the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases. Berberine (BBR), an important isoquinoline alkaloid found in various medicinal plants, has been shown to have multiple pharmacological effects and therapeutic applications. In view of its low bioavailability, increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota may serve as a target for the multifunctional effects of BBR. Under the pathological conditions of AS and metabolic diseases, BBR improves intestinal barrier function and reduces inflammation induced by gut microbiota-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Moreover, BBR reverses or induces structural and compositional alterations in the gut microbiota and regulates gut microbe-dependent metabolites as well as related downstream pathways; this improves glucose and lipid metabolism and energy homeostasis. These findings at least partly explain the effect of BBR on AS and metabolic diseases. In this review, we elaborate on the research progress of BBR and its mechanisms of action in the treatment of AS and metabolic diseases from the perspective of gut microbiota, to reveal the potential contribution of gut microbiota to the multifunctional biological effects of BBR.

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Gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and hypertension: Mechanism and treatment

Cited by 60 publications

References 171 publications

Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Resveratrol Butyrate Esters Inhibit BPA-Induced Liver Damage in Male Offspring Rats by Modulating Antioxidant Capacity and Gut Microbiota

Effects of Aleurone Supplementation on Glucose-Insulin Metabolism and Gut Microbiome in Untrained Healthy Horses

Multi-Pharmacology of Berberine in Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Diseases: Potential Contribution of Gut Microbiota

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