Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Xiao, Lin; Liu, Qin; Luo, Mei; Xiong, Liang

doi:10.3389/fcimb.2021.729346

Cited by 73 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Corynebacterium spp. directly produces serotonin in the gut ( Xiao et al, 2021 ). Clostridium , belonging to the genus of Firmicutes and Clostridia , including 221 types, produces tryptamine prompting colonic 5-HT biosynthesis ( Parte, 2014 ; Xiao et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang Formula on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2022

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Chang-Kang-Fang formula (CKF), a multi-herb traditional Chinese medicine, has been used in clinical settings to treat irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Recent studies show that 5.0 g/kg/d CKF can alleviate the symptoms of IBS rats by modulating the brain-gut axis through the production of brain-gut peptides (BGPs), thus relieving pain, and reversing the effects of intestinal propulsion disorders. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of CKF in IBS remain unclear. The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) is central to the pathogenesis of IBS, regulating BGPs, depression-like behaviors, and gut microbiota. Given that CKF ameliorates IBS via the MGBA, we performed metabolomic analyses, evaluated the gut microbiota, and system pharmacology to elucidate the mechanisms of action of CKF. The results of intestinal tract motility, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR), sucrose preference test (SPT), and the forced swimming test (FST) showed that the male Sprague–Dawley rats subjected to chronic acute combining stress (CACS) for 22 days exhibited altered intestinal motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and depression-like behaviors. Treatment of IBS rats with CKF normalized dysfunctions of CACS-induced central and peripheral nervous system. CKF regulated BDNF and 5-HT levels in the colon and hippocampus as well as the expressions of the related BGP pathway genes. Moreover, the system pharmacology assays were used to assess the physiological targets involved in the action of CKF, with results suggesting that CKF putatively functioned through the 5-HT-PKA-CREB-BDNF pathway. LC-MS-based metabolomics identified the significantly altered 5-HT pathway-related metabolites in the CKF treatment group, and thus, the CKF-related signaling pathways were further examined. After pyrosequencing-based analysis of bacterial 16S rRNA (V3 + V4 region) using rat feces, the Lefse analysis of gut microbiota suggested that CKF treatment could induce structural changes in the gut microbiota, thereby regulating it by decreasing Clostridiales, and the F-B ratio while increasing the levels of Lactobacillus. Furthermore, the integrated analysis showed a correlation of CKF-associated microbes with metabolites. These findings showed that CKF effectively alleviated IBS, which was associated with the altered features of the metabolite profiles and the gut microbiota through a bidirectional communication along the microbiota-gut-brain axis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang Formula on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

et al. 2022

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“…Around 100 trillion microorganisms belonging to hundreds of different species colonize the human gastrointestinal tract [23]. This diverse complex community of the gastrointestinal microbiota resides in the gut maintaining a mutual symbiosis with the host [4].…”

Section: Gut-microbiota In the Pathophysiology Of Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of microbiota varies a lot with aging. Normally, strict anaerobes such as Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominate the healthy colon and usually remain stable over the years [23,25]. Overall, the gut microbiota helps in the well-being and maintenance of a healthy ecosystem in the host [2].…”

Section: Gut-microbiota In the Pathophysiology Of Ibsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Gut-Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Shrestha¹,

Patel²,

Shah³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent chronic gastrointestinal diseases, which is characterized by recurrent abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not completely clear for IBS, multiple factors such as genetic, psychosocial, environmental, visceral hypersensitivity, low-grade inflammation, gastrointestinal motility changes, food components, and intestinal microbiota are thought to play a role in the disease process of IBS. The rapid progression of recent microbiome research using advanced microbiological technologies has shed light on dysbiosis related to the pathophysiology of IBS. We used PubMed, PubMed Central, and Medline as our primary databases to search for articles using keywords and medical subject heading (MeSH) keywords on April 30, 2022, to render a total of 4062 articles. Then, a total of 10 articles were selected following a quality assessment. Despite the variable findings in different studies, most studies have concluded that IBS patients have a reduction in bacterial diversity and an increase in the temporal instability of the microbiota. IBS is known as a stress disorder, and the gut-microbiome-brain axis has been associated with the pathogenesis of the disease. Additionally, the potential of dietary manipulation of gut microbiota and the use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the treatment of IBS has been studied in recent years and shown promising results. We concluded that the gut microbiome plays a substantial role in the pathophysiology of IBS.

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“…The intestinal mucosa has a tremendous capacity to oxidize HX by XO. Moreover, HX plays an important role in regulating the production of H 2 O 2 and O 2 − in GI diseases such as IBS [24]. On the other hand, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) play a vital role in the production of ROS and RNS in the GI tract.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress As a Contributing Factor Of Gi Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Water on Gastrointestinal Diseases

et al. 2022

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Living a healthy lifestyle is the most important need in the world today. However, oxidative stress (OS) is caused by several stress-inducing factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, chronic diseases, and inflammatory responses, oxygen-free radicals are produced in excess and can damage major organs in the body. This phenomenon has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, including gastritis, constipation, and inflammatory bowel diseases, which include Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, functional dyspepsia, acid reflux, diverticular disease, and irritable bowel syndrome. In this review article, we provide a brief overview of the role of OS in the pathogenesis of GI disorders. Additionally, we discuss the therapeutic role of alkaline-reduced water (ARW) on GI diseases and existing studies on ARW related to GI diseases. Furthermore, we believe that findings from this review article will enhance the knowledge of the readers on the role of ARW on OS and inflammation-based GI diseases.

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Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Cited by 73 publications

References 117 publications

Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang Formula on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Effects of Chang-Kang-Fang Formula on the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Rats With Irritable Bowel Syndrome

The Role of Gut-Microbiota in the Pathophysiology and Therapy of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Effects of Alkaline-Reduced Water on Gastrointestinal Diseases

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