Gut microbiota confers host resistance to obesity by metabolizing dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids

Abstract

Gut microbiota mediates the effects of diet, thereby modifying host metabolism and the incidence of metabolic disorders. Increased consumption of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that is abundant in Western diet contributes to obesity and related diseases. Although gut-microbiota-related metabolic pathways of dietary PUFAs were recently elucidated, the effects on host physiological function remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that gut microbiota confers host resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity by modulating dietary PUFAs metabolism. Supplementation of 10-hydroxy- cis -12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), an initial linoleic acid-related gut-microbial metabolite, attenuates HFD-induced obesity in mice without eliciting arachidonic acid-mediated adipose inflammation and by improving metabolic condition via free fatty acid receptors. Moreover, Lactobacillus -colonized mice show similar effects with elevated HYA levels. Our findings illustrate the interplay between gut microbiota and host energy metabolism via the metabolites of dietary omega-6-FAs thereby shedding light on the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders by targeting gut microbial metabolites.

The Gut Microbiota and Its Implication in the Development of Atherosclerosis and Related Cardiovascular Diseases

“…The research on the human microbiota, especially gut microbiota, has come to be one of the most innovative areas when it comes to the study of different pathologies [16]. It has been demonstrated that specific microbial communities may be related with the development of several diseases like obesity [24,25], cancer [26][27][28][29], inflammatory bowel disease [30,31] and rheumatic disease [32,33]; some experiments have shown a direct connection between changes in gut microbiome and cardiovascular health and disease [15,[34][35][36][37][38]. The presence of microbes in our intestine endows us with a protective milieu by inhabiting biological places that may otherwise be colonized by potentially pathogenic microorganisms [39].…”

Alteration of the gut microbiota in tumor necrosis factor‐α antagonist‐treated collagen‐induced arthritis mice

“…Nowadays, increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota play an important role in many diseases, many of which were previously considered difficult to cure, such as obesity and ulcerative colitis . However, fecal microbiota transplantations have proven to induced clinical remission in these diseases.…”

The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Energy Balance With a Focus on the Gut-Adipose Tissue Axis

“…Therefore, interventions targeting the synthesis and/or excretion of bile acids could alter gut bacterial composition, thereby modulating host energy expenditure. Miyamoto et al (2019) proposed that gut microbiota confers host resistance to HFD-induced obesity by modulating dietary PUFAs metabolism. Supplementing the diet with 10-hydroxycis-12-octadecenoic acid (HYA), a dietary linoleic acid-derived gut-microbial metabolite whose level is significantly reduced by HFD feeding, attenuates various aspects of HFD-induced obesity in mice, including their appetite, body weight, WAT adipocyte size, and blood glucose and insulin level, by promoting GLP-1 secretion via GPCRs.…”