Gut microbiota composition may relate to weight loss rate in obese pet dogs

Kieler, Ida Nordang; Kamal, Shamrulazhar Shamzir; Vitger, Anne; Nielsen, Dennis Sandris; Lauridsen, Charlotte; Bjørnvad, Charlotte Reinhard

doi:10.1002/vms3.80

Cited by 65 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(67 reference statements)

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“…Gut microbiota comparison between autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and control groups at the species level. The species with significant richness difference (p < .05, computed by STAMP) between the two groups are shown Megamonas, a harmful bacteria related to Wilson's disease [Geng et al, 2018] and obesity [Kieler et al, 2017]. Similarly to that in previous reports, we also found a significant reduction in the proportion of four genera (Escherichia/Shigella [Strati et al, 2017], Dialister [F. Strati et al, 2017], Haemophilus [Kang et al, 2018], and Flavonifractor [Ma et al, 2019]) in ASD samples compared to in the control.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2020

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Alterations in the gut microbiota may influence gastrointestinal (GI) dysbiosis frequently reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In this study, we sequenced the bacterial 16S rRNA gene to evaluate changes in fecal microbiota between 48 children with ASD and 48 healthy children in China. At the phylum level, the number of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia decreased in children with ASD, while the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes was significantly higher in autistic children due to enrichment of Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, the amount of Bacteroides, Prevotella, Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis, and Megamonas increased, while Clostridium XlVa, Eisenbergiella, Clostridium IV, Flavonifractor, Escherichia/Shigella, Haemophilus, Akkermansia, and Dialister decreased in children with ASD relative to the controls. Significant increase was observed in the number of species synthesizing branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), like Bacteroides vulgatus and Prevotella copri, while the numbers of Bacteroides fragilis and Akkermansia muciniphila decreased in children with ASD compared to the controls. Most importantly, the highest levels of pathogenic bacteria were different for each child with ASD in this cohort. We found that only one functional module, cellular antigens, was enriched in children with ASD, and other pathways like lysine degradation and tryptophan metabolism were significantly decreased in children with ASD. These findings provide further evidence of altered gut microbiota in Chinese ASD children and may contribute to the treatment of patients with ASD. Lay Summary This study characterized the gut bacteria composition of 48 children with ASD and 48 neurotypical children in China. The metabolic disruptions caused by altered gut microbiota may contribute significantly to the neurological pathophysiology of ASD, including significant increases in the number of species synthesizing BCAAs, and decreases in the number of probiotic species. These findings suggest that a gut microbiome‐associated therapeutic intervention may provide a novel strategy for treating GI symptoms frequently seen in individuals with ASD. Autism Res 2020, 13: 1614–1625. © 2020 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

et al. 2020

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“…In that particular study, the dogs were followed for 12 weeks, and it is not clear how many dogs reached an ideal body weight. The main finding was that a decrease in abundance of the genus Megamonas correlated with a greater weight loss rate during 12-week weight loss program (Kieler et al, 2017). We also observed a decrease in the genus Megamonas after weight loss, which could be attributed to an effect of the weight loss diet.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Despite the short follow-up period, differences in bacterial abundance were identified after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of the weight loss program. While not all the dogs lost as much weight as expected, a decrease in Megamonas and an unknown genus of the family Ruminococcaceae was observed in the dogs with a higher weight loss rate (Kieler et al, 2017). The fecal microbiota composition of research Beagles with obesity has also been assessed before and after a 17-week weight loss program with a hypocaloric diet (Salas-Mani et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Fecal microbiota in client-owned obese dogs changes after weight loss with a high-fiber-high-protein diet

Sanchez

Pilla

Sarawichitr

et al. 2020

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Background The fecal microbiota from obese individuals can induce obesity in animal models. In addition, studies in humans, animal models and dogs have revealed that the fecal microbiota of subjects with obesity is different from that of lean subjects and changes after weight loss. However, the impact of weight loss on the fecal microbiota in dogs with obesity has not been fully characterized. Methods In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the differences in the fecal microbiota of 20 pet dogs with obesity that underwent a weight loss program. The endpoint of the weight loss program was individually tailored to the ideal body weight of each dog. In addition, we evaluated the qPCR based Dysbiosis Index before and after weight loss. Results After weight loss, the fecal microbiota structure of dogs with obesity changed significantly (weightedANOSIM; p = 0.016, R = 0.073), showing an increase in bacterial richness (p = 0.007), evenness (p = 0.007) and the number of bacterial species (p = 0.007). The fecal microbiota composition of obese dogs after weight loss was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes (92.3% to 78.2%, q = 0.001), and increase in Bacteroidetes (1.4% to 10.1%, q = 0.002) and Fusobacteria (1.6% to 6.2%, q = 0.040). The qPCR results revealed an overall decrease in the Dysbiosis Index, driven mostly due to a significant decrease in E. coli (p = 0.030), and increase in Fusobacterium spp. (p = 0.017). Conclusion The changes observed in the fecal microbiota of dogs with obesity after weight loss with a weight loss diet rich in fiber and protein were in agreement with previous studies in humans, that reported an increase of bacterial biodiversity and a decrease of the ratio Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes.

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“…A few studies have investigated microbiome changes associated with weight loss (Kieler et al, 2017;Salas-Mani et al, 2018). One study analyzed 18 obese dogs fed a restrictive commercial high-protein/high-fiber diet.…”

Section: Obesity and Weight Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

et al. 2020

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The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome of cats and dogs is increasingly recognized as a metabolically active organ inextricably linked to pet health. Food serves as a substrate for the GI microbiome of cats and dogs and plays a significant role in defining the composition and metabolism of the GI microbiome. The microbiome, in turn, facilitates the host's nutrient digestion and the production of postbiotics, which are bacterially derived compounds that can influence pet health. Consequently, pet owners have a role in shaping the microbiome of cats and dogs through the food they choose to provide. Yet, a clear understanding of the impact these food choices have on the microbiome, and thus on the overall health of the pet, is lacking. Pet foods are formulated to contain the typical nutritional building blocks of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, but increasingly include microbiome-targeted ingredients, such as prebiotics and probiotics. Each of these categories, as well as their relative proportions in food, can affect the composition and/or function of the microbiome. Accumulating evidence suggests that dietary components may impact not only GI disease, but also allergies, oral health, weight management, diabetes, and kidney disease through changes in the GI microbiome. Until recently, the focus of microbiome research was to characterize alterations in microbiome composition in disease states, while less research effort has been devoted to understanding how changes in nutrition can influence pet health by modifying the microbiome function. This review summarizes the impact of pet food nutritional components on the composition and function of the microbiome and examines evidence for the role of nutrition in impacting host health through the microbiome in a variety of disease states. Understanding how nutrition can modulate GI microbiome composition and function may reveal new avenues for enhancing the health and resilience of cats and dogs.

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Gut microbiota composition may relate to weight loss rate in obese pet dogs

Cited by 65 publications

References 36 publications

Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Fecal microbiota in client-owned obese dogs changes after weight loss with a high-fiber-high-protein diet

The Effects of Nutrition on the Gastrointestinal Microbiome of Cats and Dogs: Impact on Health and Disease

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