Gut microbiota composition and butyrate production in children affected by non-IgE-mediated cow’s milk allergy

Abstract

Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is one of the earliest and most common food allergy and can be elicited by both IgE- or non-IgE-mediated mechanism. We previously described dysbiosis in children with IgE-mediated CMA and the effect of dietary treatment with extensively hydrolyzed casein formula (EHCF) alone or in combination with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). On the contrary, the gut microbiota in non-IgE-mediated CMA remains uncharacterized. In this study we evaluated gut microbiota composition and fecal butyrate levels in children affected by non-IgE-mediated CMA. We found a gut microbiota dysbiosis in non-IgE-mediated CMA, driven by an enrichment of Bacteroides and Alistipes. Comparing these results with those previously obtained in children with IgE-mediated CMA, we demonstrated overlapping signatures in the gut microbiota dysbiosis of non-IgE-mediated and IgE-mediated CMA children, characterized by a progressive increase in Bacteroides from healthy to IgE-mediated CMA patients. EHCF containg LGG was more strongly associated with an effect on dysbiosis and on butyrate production if compared to what observed in children treated with EHCF alone. If longitudinal cohort studies in children with CMA will confirm these results, gut microbiota dysbiosis could be a relevant target for innovative therapeutic strategies in children with non-IgE-mediated CMA.

Oral Administration of Bovine Milk‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles Alters the Gut Microbiota and Enhances Intestinal Immunity in Mice

“…[ 64 ] Children with non‐IgE‐mediated cow milk allergy had a significantly lower fecal concentration of butyrate compared to healthy controls. [ 65 ] Taken together, accumulating evidence indicated that breast milk and especially EVs promoted anti‐inflammatory and tolerogenic signaling, which fitted perfectly to the presented data of this study. There appeared to be a milk EVs‐driven intricate interactive networking between MyD88‐RegIIIγ‐MUC2‐GATA4‐FcγRIIB‐miRNA‐148a‐FoxP3 to maintain the intestinal tolerogenic milieu during the period of breastfeeding, that is, the period of mEVs transfer.…”

Bifidobacterium breve M‐16V alters the gut microbiota to alleviate OVA‐induced food allergy through IL‐33/ST2 signal pathway

“…The association between some bacterial communities and allergic diseases is still contentious. The study indicated that Bacteroidetes were significantly enriched in patients with FA (Berni Canani et al, 2018). Whereas a significantly higher rate was found in nonallergic infants compared to infants with FA (Diaz et al, 2018).…”

Microbiological and Immunological Markers in Milk and Infant Feces for Common Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Pilot Study

“…Moreover, in this study fecal samples of CMPA infants were also characterized by a higher abundance of the genus Rothia and the families Lachnospiraceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Eggerthellaceae. Lachnospiraceae and Peptostreptococcaceae have been previously reported to be enriched in the gut microbiota of CMPA infants, but the significance of their presence remains unclear [15,26,[29][30][31][32][33]. Remarkably, Eggerthellaceae was more abundant in the milk of mothers of CMPA infants.…”

“…Recent studies have shown that selected bacterial species and their metabolites (such as short-chain fatty acids) may positively modulate immune tolerance mechanisms [33]. Although some studies have postulated a possible association between allergy and an altered microbiota pattern [11], the gut microbiota of infants suffering non-IgE-mediated CMPA remains uncharacterized [30], partly because of the difficulty in establishing an unambiguous diagnosis [31].…”