Gut microbiota and the ways to correct it in chronic kidney disease

Abstract

Approximately 13% of the Russian population suffers from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Such a high prevalence of the disease, as well as the complexity and high cost of renal replacement therapy, explain the need for developing and implementing new approaches to treat patients at the pre-dialysis stages. The data collected in recent decades highlight the importance of gut microbiota in the progression of CKD. This review provides information about the microbiota composition in healthy individuals and patients with CKD and discusses the mechanisms of interaction in the intestine–kidney system. The article also presents the specifics of the violation of gut microbiota (GM) and correction thereof in CKD.

Clinical Perspectives of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and End-Stage Kidney Disease: Where Do We Stand?

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“…The contribution of gut-microbiota-de-rived toxins to cognitive dysfunction is conveyed through mechanisms like direct toxicity or other potential influences, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, dysfunction of endo-thelial cells, and vascular calcification [53]. Lin et al [54] demonstrated in a study involv-ing 260 hemodialytic cases that the circulating free form of IS is substantially associated with decreased cognitive function, especially in the memory domain, mental manipula-Miscellaneous Methods include [138]:…”

“…However, it is important to note that these are preliminary findings, and more research is needed to determine the optimal protocol for FMT, including donor selection, preparation and administration of the fecal material, and long-term safety and efficacy monitoring.  Miscellaneous Methods include [138]:  Blocking LPS and inflammation via synthetic TLR4 antagonists and lipid A an-…”