Gut microbiota and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: i can feel it in the belly

Organ-On-A-Chip in vitro Models of the Brain and the Blood-Brain Barrier and Their Value to Study the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegeneration

“…There is increasing evidence that dysbiosis is involved in several pathological states, including epilepsy (Iannone et al, 2019), inflammatory bowel disease (Tung et al, 2011;Moser et al, 2018), anxiety and depression (Jia et al, 2008;Wang and Kasper, 2014;Foster et al, 2017), autism spectrum disorders (Mayer et al, 2014;Li and Zhou, 2016;Yarandi et al, 2016), schizophrenia (Nemani et al, 2015), and neurodegenerative disorders (Sarkar and Banerjee, 2019), such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Vogt et al, 2017;Van Giau et al, 2018), Parkinson's disease (PD) (Foster and McVey Neufeld, 2013;Nemani et al, 2015;Sampson et al, 2016;Harach et al, 2017) and multiple sclerosis (MS) (Cekanaviciute et al, 2017;Mowry and Glenn, 2018). In fact, the bidirectional microbiota-gut-brain communication (the socalled microbiota-gut-brain axis, MGBA) is not limited to digestive functions and satiety, but the gut microbiota also influences behavior and cognitive abilities (Di Meo et al, 2018;Cryan et al, 2019).…”