Gut microbiota and protection from pneumococcal pneumonia

Dickson, Robert P.; Cox, Michael J.

doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311823

Cited by 21 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The biochemical basis for the differences in NLR activation between different members of the microbiota is unclear but could be due to structural differences in the peptidoglycan between bacterial species leading certain groups to be particularly potent NLR activators or could be due to differences in the amount of peptidoglycan produced per bacterium. Previous studies have led to debate about which of the host’s resident microbial communities promote resistance to respiratory infection 15 , 42 . We demonstrate that immune cells in the lung integrate signals from bacteria in the upper airway and intestine via a common mechanism to establish the host’s baseline resistance to respiratory infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microbiota promotes resistance to respiratory infection, but the mechanistic basis for this is poorly defined. Here, we identify members of the microbiota that protect against respiratory infection by the major human pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We show that the microbiota enhances respiratory defenses via granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) signaling, which stimulates pathogen killing and clearance by alveolar macrophages through extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling. Increased pulmonary GM-CSF production in response to infection is primed by the microbiota through interleukin-17A. By combining models of commensal colonization in antibiotic-treated and germ-free mice, using cultured commensals from the Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria phyla, we found that potent Nod-like receptor-stimulating bacteria in the upper airway (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis) and intestinal microbiota (Lactobacillus reuteri, Enterococcus faecalis, Lactobacillus crispatus and Clostridium orbiscindens) promote resistance to lung infection through Nod2 and GM-CSF. Our data reveal the identity, location, and properties of bacteria within the microbiota that regulate lung immunity, and delineate the host signaling axis they activate to protect against respiratory infection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Oral gavage of faecal suspensions in mice treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics improved survival rate and reduced lung damage induced by S. pneumoniae infection 35 . Even though the nature of this 'gut-lung axis' has been challenged due to potential confounding effects of faecal administration by oral gavage and antibiotic use 36 , the concept warrants systematic and controlled evaluation. In infants, gut microbiota composition and caesarean section have been linked to atopic manifestations, and colonisation by Clostridium difficile at age 1 month was associated with wheeze and eczema throughout early life, and with asthma at 6-7 years 37 .…”

Section: [H1] Interactions Between the Gut And Lung [H3] Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut–lung axis

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The microbiota is vital for the development of the immune system and homeostasis. Changes in microbial composition and function, termed dysbiosis, in the respiratory tract and the gut have recently been linked to alterations in immune responses and to disease development in the lungs. In this Opinion article, we review the microbial species that are usually found in healthy gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, their dysbiosis in disease and interactions with the gut-lung axis. Although the gut-lung axis is only beginning to be understood, emerging evidence indicates that there is potential for manipulation of the gut microbiota in the treatment of lung diseases.

show abstract

“…The results showed that the intestinal bacteria in the children with chalazion group and the healthy children group were mainly belonging to Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, which was similar to relevant reports [23] . Previous studies have suggested that when body suffers from severe infection, severe trauma or other attacks, the balance of intestinal flora will be destroyed, the probiotic bifidobacteria will be restricted, the pathogen escherichia coli will proliferate and be transferred into the blood circulation, causing the occurrence of bacteremia and promoting excessive activation of systemic inflammation [24][25] . Previous studies in colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, cirrhosis and other diseases have confirmed that the species diversity of intestinal flora is higher in healthy state than in disease state [26][27] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the correlation between chalazion and intestinal flora in chinese children

Cui¹,

Song²,

Xie³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundChalazion is a chronic inflammatory granuloma of the meibomian gland formed on the basis of the obstruction of the meibomian gland drainage duct and the retention of secretions. It is one of the most common clinically eye diseases in children. Chronic inflammation of the meibomian glands is responsible for this disease, and the gut flora is thought to be involved in the inflammatory process. In this study, we investigated the relationship between intestinal microbial composition and children's chalazion.MethodsFecal samples were collected from 21 children with chalazion and 26 healthy children. DNA was extracted from fecal stool samples and 16S rRNA sequences in the gut flora were detected by using second second-generation sequencing technology. The results were used to compare the composition of the microbiome between patients and healthy controls.ResultsAccording to Alpha Diversity and Beta Diversity analysis, we found that there was no significant difference in bacteria diversity and relative abundance between the two groups. We compared the flora of the control group and the diseased group through Lefse analysis, and screened out 11 different species. Based on the absolute abundance of species, 43 different species were selected. Anosim analysis and metastats analysis were used to compare the flora of the control group and the diseased group again. At the species level, we found that gut_metagenome and human_gut_metagenome are the common differences in species levels obtained from the above analysis. Finally, corrplot correlation analysis was performed, suggesting that gut_metagenome has a great correlation with the number, ulceration, and recurrence of chalazion in children.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference in the diversity index and relative abundance of flora in children with chalazion compared with healthy children, but there were significant differences in some bacterial species. The gut_metagenome strains identified in this study were significantly related to the growth, ulceration, and relapse of children with chalazion. It is suggested that gut_metagenome may be a microbiological indicator which is independent of clinicopathologic factors but associated with chalazion disease .* These authors have contributed equally to this work.

show abstract

Gut microbiota and protection from pneumococcal pneumonia

Cited by 21 publications

References 5 publications

The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling

The microbiota protects against respiratory infection via GM-CSF signaling

Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut–lung axis

A study of the correlation between chalazion and intestinal flora in chinese children

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About