Gut microbiota and physical frailty through the mediation of sarcopenia

Casati, Martina; Ferri, Evelyn; Azzolino, Domenico; Cesari, Matteo

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2019.110639

Cited by 45 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Dysbiosis in LC can cause: (1) decreased bacterial diversity [ 91 ], (2) decreased SCFA (energy source in human body) production [ 93 ], (3) collapse of TJ and subsequent increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut syndrome) [ 94 ], (4) antioxidant dysfunction [ 95 ], and (5) endotoxemia [ 96 , 97 ]. These can be associated with anabolic resistance, chronic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance, which can lead to LC progression and subsequent development of sarcopenia in LC patients [ 25 ].…”

Section: Dysbiosis Intestinal Permeability Tight Junction and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

Nishikawa

Enomoto

Nishiguchi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Sarcopenia in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) has been attracting much attention these days because of the close linkage to adverse outcomes. LC can be related to secondary sarcopenia due to protein metabolic disorders and energy metabolic disorders. LC is associated with profound alterations in gut microbiota and injuries at the different levels of defensive mechanisms of the intestinal barrier. Dysbiosis refers to a state in which the diversity of gut microbiota is decreased by decreasing the bacterial species and the number of bacteria that compose the gut microbiota. The severe disturbance of intestinal barrier in LC can result in dysbiosis, several bacterial infections, LC-related complications, and sarcopenia. Here in this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the relationship between sarcopenia and dysbiosis in patients with LC.

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Section: Dysbiosis Intestinal Permeability Tight Junction and Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

Nishikawa

Enomoto

Nishiguchi

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…R. Soc. B 375: 20190596 associated with intestinal dysbiosis [100], which, together with age-dependent loss of intestinal barrier function, can lead to bacteraemia and sepsis, i.e. two of the major causes of death in elderly populations [97].…”

Section: Immune System-microbiota Interactions During Vertebrate Ageingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Immune decline associated with autoimmune diseases [ 98 ], pathogen-driven immunodeficiencies (e.g. owing to HIV infection) [ 99 ] and ageing, are often associated with intestinal dysbiosis [ 100 ], which, together with age-dependent loss of intestinal barrier function, can lead to bacteraemia and sepsis, i.e. two of the major causes of death in elderly populations [ 97 ].…”

Section: Immune System–microbiota Interactions During Vertebrate Ageimentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota–host interactions shape ageing dynamics

Popkes

Valenzano

2020

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Occupying the interface between host and environment, host-associated microbes play fundamental roles in nutrient absorption, essential metabolite synthesis, development of the immune system, defence against pathogens and pathogenesis. Microbiota composition and function is rather stable during adulthood, while it dramatically changes during early development, frailty and disease. Ageing is associated with progressive decrease of homeostasis, often resulting in disruption of the physiological balance between host and commensal microbes, ultimately leading to dysbiosis and host demise. Generally, high microbial diversity is associated with health and a youthful state, while low individual microbial diversity and larger inter-individual microbial diversity is associated with ageing and disease states. Different species are equipped with species-specific commensal, symbiotic and pathogenic microbial communities. How and whether the specific host–microbiota consortia co-evolved with host physiology to ensure homeostasis and promote individual fitness remains an open question. In this essay, we propose that the evolution of vertebrate-specific immune adaptations may have enabled the establishment of highly diverse, species-specific commensal microbial communities. We discuss how the maintenance of intact immune surveillance mechanisms, which allow discrimination between commensal and pathogenic bacteria, fail during ageing and lead to the onset of known ageing-related diseases. We discuss how host–microbiota interactions are key to maintaining homeostasis despite external perturbations, but also how they affect a range of host-specific ageing-related phenotypes. This article is part of the theme issue ‘The role of the microbiome in host evolution’.

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“…Throughout a lifetime, the richness of microbiota is substantially increased by the introduction of solid foods, while, on the contrary, it declines in aging, mainly in subjects in long-stay care with pronounced frailty and co-morbidities, likely due to reduced diet diversity. In addition, among the elderly, greater variability in the microbiota composition was observed, making it an effective biomarker of aging [27][28][29].…”

Section: The Impact Of Diet On the Human Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host

et al. 2020

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The human gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that inhabit symbiotically on and in the human intestine. They carry out, through the production of a series of metabolites, many important metabolic functions that complement the activity of mammalian enzymes and play an essential role in host digestion. Interindividual variability of microbiota structure, and consequently of the expression of its genes (microbiome), was largely ascribed to the nutritional regime. Diet influences microbiota composition and function with short- and long-term effects. In spite of the vast literature, molecular mechanisms underlying these effects still remain elusive. In this review, we summarized the current evidence on the role exerted by gut microbiota and, more specifically, by its metabolites in the establishment of the host epigenome. The interest in this topic stems from the fact that, by modulating DNA methylation and histone modifications, the gut microbiota does affect the cell activities of the hosting organism.

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Gut microbiota and physical frailty through the mediation of sarcopenia

Cited by 45 publications

References 106 publications

Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

Liver Cirrhosis and Sarcopenia from the Viewpoint of Dysbiosis

Microbiota–host interactions shape ageing dynamics

Gut Microbiota as Important Mediator Between Diet and DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications in the Host

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