Gut Microbiota and Obesity

Krznarić, Željko; Bender, Darija Vranešić; Kunović, Ana; Kekez, Domina; Štimac, Davor

doi:10.1159/000336965

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Microorganisms are introduced into the human gut after birth, and the microbial composition of the microbiota varies with delivery methods, feeding (i.e., breast vs. bottle), infant care environment and antibiotic use [14]. Our knowledge of the composition of the adult gut microbiota derives from microbial culture studies, but conventional culture techniques detect only a small number of the species of intestinal bacteria [15]. More recently, the diversity of gut microbiota has been revealed by genetic or metagenomic studies [16].…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Clinical Disease: Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Park

Seo

Youn

2013

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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The prevalence of obesity is increasing worldwide. Obesity can cause hyperlipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Many environmental or genetic factors have been suggested to contribute to the development of obesity, but there is no satisfactory explanation for its increased prevalence. This review discusses the latest updates on the role of the gut microbiota in obesity and NAFLD.

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Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut Microbiota and Clinical Disease: Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Park

Seo

Youn

2013

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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“…The mammal’s intestinal microbiota is composed for bacteria belonging to three phyla: gram-negative Bacteroidetes(eg Bacteroides), gram-positive Actinobacteria (eg Bifidobacteria) and gram-positive Firmicutes (eg. Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bacillus and Mycoplasma) [27,29]. The phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are numerically dominant in the human intestine [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligofructose supplementation during pregnancy and lactation impairs offspring development and alters the intestinal properties of 21-d-old pups

et al. 2014

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BackgroundPreviously, we showed that the intake of trans fatty acids during pregnancy and lactation triggers a pro-inflammatory status in the offspring. On the other hand, prebiotics can alter the intestinal environment, reducing serum lipopolysaccharides (LPS) concentrations. This study evaluated the effect of the oligofructose 10% diet supplementation in the presence or absence of hydrogenated vegetable fat during pregnancy and lactation on the development, endotoxemia and bacterial composition of 21-d-old offspring.MethodsOn the first day of pregnancy rats were divided into four groups: control diet (C), control diet supplemented with 10% oligofructose (CF), diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat, rich in TFA (T) or diet enriched with hydrogenated vegetable fat supplemented with 10% oligofructose (TF). Diets were maintained during pregnancy and lactation. At birth, 7th, 14th and 21th, pups were weighed and length was measured. Serum concentrations of LPS and free fatty acids (FFA) were performed by specific kits. Bacterial DNA present in faeces was determined by real-time PCR. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean and the statistical analysis was realized by ANOVA two-way and ANOVA for repeated measures. p < 0.05 was considered significant.ResultsWe observed that the oligofructose (10%) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation reduced body weight, body weight gain, length and serum FFA in the CF and TF group compared to C and T group respectively, of the 21-day-old offspring, accompanied by an increase in serum LPS and genomic DNA levels of lactobacillus spp. on faeces of the CF group in relation to C group.ConclusionIn conclusion, dam’s diet supplementation with 10% of oligofructose during pregnancy and lactation, independent of addition with hydrogenated vegetable fat, harms the offspring development, alters the bacterial composition and increases the serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharides in 21d-old pups.

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“…Traditionally, it has been understood that disease is generated after infection with bacteria; however, this concept is changing to an understanding that imbalances in the indigenous microbial composition causes disease to present, and many studies have reported the relationship between gut microbiota, host metabolism, and disease [2,3,10,35,36]. The role of dysbiosis, an imbalance in the microbial composition and a shift in their function from normal to disease [37], has been investigated in several diseases, including IBD, obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and allergy.…”

Section: The Human Microbiomementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These microbes play important roles in human health, including metabolism, homeostasis of the immune system, and in colonization resistance. However, most microbes cannot be cultured in the laboratory; the various conventional culture techniques are able to culture only limited species of the bacteria in nature including human body [3,4]. Metagenomics, defined as the study of the total genomes extracted from a complex mixture of microbes in a given environment [5], has been applied to various ecological approaches, including studies of the human microbiome, as it can be used to investigate various microbes simultaneously, without cultivation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Status and Future Promise of the Human Microbiome

Kim

Jeon

Chun

2013

Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr

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The human-associated microbiota is diverse, varies between individuals and body sites, and is important in human health. Microbes in human body play an essential role in immunity, health, and disease. The human microbiome has been studies using the advances of next-generation sequencing and its metagenomic applications. This has allowed investigation of the microbial composition in the human body, and identification of the functional genes expressed by this microbial community. The gut microbes have been found to be the most diverse and constitute the densest cell number in the human microbiota; thus, it has been studied more than other sites. Early results have indicated that the imbalances in gut microbiota are related to numerous disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, diabetes, and atopy. Clinical therapy involving modulating of the microbiota, such as fecal transplantation, has been applied, and its effects investigated in some diseases. Human microbiome studies form part of human genome projects, and understanding gleaned from studies increase the possibility of various applications including personalized medicine.

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Gut Microbiota and Obesity

Cited by 15 publications

References 79 publications

Gut Microbiota and Clinical Disease: Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Gut Microbiota and Clinical Disease: Obesity and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Oligofructose supplementation during pregnancy and lactation impairs offspring development and alters the intestinal properties of 21-d-old pups

Current Status and Future Promise of the Human Microbiome

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