Gut microbiota and microbiome in schizophrenia

Samochowiec, Jerzy; Misiak, Błażej

doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000733

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…For one thing, our result suggests that uncovering the variability of gut flora by sub-classifying the patients according to aggression presence or absence is warranted. For another, it also implies that correction of gut dysbiosis in aggression-affected ScZ inpatients using adjunct therapy with probiotics may achieve limited efficacy due to the variability in several bacteria besides Bifidobacterium, which is a verified speculation in some psychiatric disorders including ScZ [ 27 , 28 ]. But from another point of view, emerging evidence confirmed the pro-inflammation properties of genera Prevotella [ 29 – 31 ], and anti-inflammation properties of genera Bacteroides , Faecalibacterium , Blautia, Bifidobacterium and Collinsella [ 31 – 34 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbiota and its metabolites correlate with plasma cytokines in schizophrenia inpatients with aggression

Deng

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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Background The pathophysiological mechanisms of aggression are manifold and they may closely interconnect. Current study aimed to determine the gut microbiota and its metabolites, and clarify their correlations with inflammation, oxidation, leaky gut and clinical profiles underlying aggression in schizophrenia (ScZ). Methods Serum and stool specimens from ScZ inpatients with (ScZ-Ag, 25 cases) and without aggression (NScZ-Ag, 25 cases) were collected. Systemic inflammation, oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were determined by ELISA, gut microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and neurotransmitters by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometry analysis. Results Significantly higher systemic pro-inflammation, pro-oxidation and leaky gut biomarkers were observed in ScZ-Ag than NScZ-Ag group (all P<0.001). Compared to NScZ-Ag group, the alpha-diversity and evenness of fecal bacterial community were much lower, the abundance of fecal genera Prevotella was significantly increased, while that Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Blautia, Bifidobacterium,Collinsella and Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes were remarkably reduced in ScZ-Ag group (all corrected P<0.001). Meanwhile, 6 SCFAs and 6 neurotransmitters were much lower in ScZ-Ag group (all P<0.05). Finally, a few strongly positive or negative correlations among altered gut microbiota, SCFAs, systemic pro-inflammation, leaky gut, pro-oxidation and aggression severity were detected. Conclusions These results demonstrate that pro-inflammation, pro-oxidation and leaky gut phenotypes relating to enteric dysbacteriosis and microbial SCFAs feature the aggression onset or severity in ScZ individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered gut microbiota and its metabolites correlate with plasma cytokines in schizophrenia inpatients with aggression

Deng

Wang

et al. 2022

BMC Psychiatry

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“…First, gut microbiota may become a potential therapeutic strategy for TRS. Gut microbiota alterations are widely observed in schizophrenia patients and may account for various biological alterations involved in the cause of schizophrenia [45]. Recent study found that there was a drug-refractory form of schizophrenia for which the composition of gut microbiota was responsible [46].…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia Is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Study

Cheng¹,

Cheng²,

Li³

et al. 2023

Neuropsychobiology

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Introduction: Observational studies highlight associations of common diseases with individual schizophrenia symptoms. However, it is unclear whether these diseases are associated with individual treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). We aimed to explore the genetic associations between common immune diseases, metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, gut microbiota and TRS. Methods: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of European participants (n = ∼456,327) included TRS, 11 psychiatric disorders, 23 immune and metabolic diseases, body mass index, height, and 211 gut microbiota. In this genetic correlation and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study, linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression was applied to infer genetic correlation estimates. Two-sample MR tested potential causal associations of genetic variants associated with common immune diseases, metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, and gut microbiota with TRS. Results: LDSC revealed candidate associations between attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), schizophrenia, intestinal infectious diseases, obesity and TRS (genetic correlation range, 0.230–0.702; p < 0.05). Two-sample MR analyses suggested that ADHD was positively associated with TRS (estimate [SE] = 0.204 [0.073], p = 0.005), a finding that remained stable across statistical models. Besides, schizophrenia and genus Barnesiella levels were causally associated with TRS but not consistent across MR approaches. Conclusion: This study reports genetic correlations between ADHD, schizophrenia, intestinal infectious diseases, obesity and TRS. The study also found that genus Barnesiella was associated with TRS. These findings may have clinical implications, highlighting the possible strategy for TRS prevention.

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“…However, in a GM analysis of 90 medication-free patients with schizophrenia vs. 81 controls, it was observed that the first group presented differences in SCFAs, and neurotransmitters degradation or synthesis; therefore, at least some changes exist prior to the onset of the antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia (70). GM in schizophrenia may be associated with neurostructural changes, psychopathology severity, subclinical inflammatory processes, and higher cardiovascular risk (71). Germ-free mice receiving fecal microbiome transplants (FMT) from patients with SSD had lower glutamate and higher glutamine/GABA concentrations in the hippocampus vs. healthy controls (72).…”

Section: Schizophrenia Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The current state of research for psychobiotics use in the management of psychiatric disorders–A systematic literature review

Vasiliu¹

2023

Front. Psychiatry

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The need to find new therapeutic interventions in patients diagnosed with psychiatric disorders is supported by the data suggesting high rates of relapse, chronic evolution, therapeutic resistance, or lack of adherence and disability. The use of pre-, pro-, or synbiotics as add-ons in the therapeutic management of psychiatric disorders has been explored as a new way to augment the efficacy of psychotropics and to improve the chances for these patients to reach response or remission. This systematic literature review focused on the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics in the main categories of psychiatric disorders and it has been conducted through the most important electronic databases and clinical trial registers, using the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The quality of primary and secondary reports was assessed using the criteria identified by the Academy of Nutrition and Diabetics. Forty-three sources, mostly of moderate and high quality, were reviewed in detail, and data regarding the efficacy and tolerability of psychobiotics was assessed. Studies exploring the effects of psychobiotics in mood disorders, anxiety disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorders, substance use disorders, eating disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), neurocognitive disorders, and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) were included. The overall tolerability of the interventions assessed was good, but the evidence to support their efficacy in specific psychiatric disorders was mixed. There have been identified data in favor of probiotics for patients with mood disorders, ADHD, and ASD, and also for the association of probiotics and selenium or synbiotics in patients with neurocognitive disorders. In several domains, the research is still in an early phase of development, e.g., in substance use disorders (only three preclinical studies being found) or eating disorders (one review was identified). Although no well-defined clinical recommendation could yet be formulated for a specific product in patients with psychiatric disorders, there is encouraging evidence to support further research, especially if focused on the identification of specific sub-populations that may benefit from this intervention. Several limitations regarding the research in this field should be addressed, i.e., the majority of the finalized trials are of short duration, there is an inherent heterogeneity of the psychiatric disorders, and the diversity of the explored Philae prevents the generalizability of the results from clinical studies.

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Gut microbiota and microbiome in schizophrenia

Cited by 26 publications

References 38 publications

Altered gut microbiota and its metabolites correlate with plasma cytokines in schizophrenia inpatients with aggression

Altered gut microbiota and its metabolites correlate with plasma cytokines in schizophrenia inpatients with aggression

Treatment Resistance in Schizophrenia Is Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gut Microbiota: A Genetic Correlation and Mendelian Randomization Study

The current state of research for psychobiotics use in the management of psychiatric disorders–A systematic literature review

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