Gut Microbiota and Lung Injury

TAN, J.; Tang, Yichun; Huang, Jie

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4_5

Cited by 38 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Contrary to historic beliefs, the airway is not sterile. Rather, constant low-level inoculation from the digestive tract is cleared by innate immune responses that prevent establishment of the inoculum (43)(44)(45)(46)(47). After injury, this homeostasis is disturbed and invasive infection becomes more common.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma-induced heme release increases susceptibility to bacterial infection

Lee¹,

Gallo²,

Souza³

et al. 2021

JCI Insight

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Infection is a common complication of major trauma that causes significantly increased morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms however, linking tissue injury to increased susceptibility to infection remain poorly understood. To study this relationship, we present a novel murine model where a major liver crush injury is followed by bacterial inoculation into the lung. We find that such tissue trauma both impaired bacterial clearance and was associated with significant elevations in plasma heme levels. While neutrophil (PMN) recruitment to the lung in response to Staphylococcus aureus was unchanged after trauma, PMN cleared bacteria poorly. Moreover, PMN show >50% less expression of TLR2, which is responsible, in part, for bacterial recognition.Administration of heme effectively substituted for trauma. Last, day 1 trauma patients (n=9) showed similar elevations in free heme to that seen after murine liver injury and circulating PMN showed similar TLR2 reduction compared to volunteers (n=6). These findings correlate to high infection rates.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma-induced heme release increases susceptibility to bacterial infection

Lee¹,

Gallo²,

Souza³

et al. 2021

JCI Insight

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“…Achieving this sophisticated bidirectional crosstalk may involve both the circulatory and lymphatic immune systems. On the one hand, intestinally produced bacterial products (e.g., cellular debris, metabolites) reach the pulmonary circulation via the systemic circulation, stimulating lung immune cells (e.g., dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages, T cells, and neutrophils) to activate inflammation and trigger lung injury 42 . On the other hand, intestinal DCs recognize the antigens and migrate toward the mesenteric lymph nodes or gut‐associated lymphoid tissue to activate B and T cells, which consequently reach the lung epithelium and activate the lung immune response 42 …”

Section: Gut–lung Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Yang

Dong

2021

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a relatively common and severe complication of prematurity, and its pathogenesis remains ambiguous. Revolutionary advances in microbiological analysis techniques, together with the growing sophistication of the gut-lung axis hypothesis, have resulted in more studies linking gut microbiota dysbiosis to the occurrence and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The present article builds on current findings to examine the intrinsic associations between gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Gut microbiota dysbiosis may insult the intestinal barrier, triggering inflammation, metabolic disturbances, and malnutrition, consequences of which might impact bronchopulmonary dysplasia by altering the gut-lung axis. By evaluating the potential mechanisms, new therapeutic targets and potential therapeutic modalities for bronchopulmonary dysplasia can be identified from a microecological perspective.

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“…The gut microbiome in early life is a crucial player in the risk of asthma in children [302]. The so-called gut-lung definition can explain how the gut microbiome might influence lung disease [303]. Specific attention has been given to the mode of delivery and the bacterial composition of the gut in the first month of life, which influence the risk of asthma at 6 years of age [304].…”

Section: Probiotics Prebiotics and Synbiotics: Prevention And Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment

et al. 2021

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Childhood obesity rates have dramatically risen in numerous countries worldwide. Obesity is likely a factor in increased asthma risk, which is already one of the most widespread chronic respiratory pathologies. The pathogenic mechanism of asthma risk has still not yet been fully elucidated. Moreover, the role of obesity-related inflammation and pulmonary overreaction to environmental triggers, which ultimately result in asthma-like symptoms, and the importance of dietary characteristics is well recognized. Diet is an important adjustable element in the asthma development. Food-specific composition of the diet, in particular fat, sugar, and low-quality nutrients, is likely to promote the chronic inflammatory state seen in asthmatic patients with obesity. An unbalanced diet or supplementation as a way to control asthma more efficiently has been described. A personalized dietary intervention may improve respiratory symptoms and signs and therapeutic response. In this narrative review, we presented and discussed more recent literature on asthma associated with obesity among children, focusing on the risk of asthma among children with obesity, asthma as a result of obesity focusing on the role of adipose tissue as a mediator of systemic and local airway inflammation implicated in asthma regulation, and the impact of nutrition and nutrients in the development and treatment of asthma. Appropriate early nutritional intervention could possibly be critical in preventing and managing asthma associated with obesity among children.

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Gut Microbiota and Lung Injury

Cited by 38 publications

References 80 publications

Trauma-induced heme release increases susceptibility to bacterial infection

Trauma-induced heme release increases susceptibility to bacterial infection

Gut microbiota and bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Pediatric Obesity-Related Asthma: The Role of Nutrition and Nutrients in Prevention and Treatment

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