Gut microbiota and aging-A focus on centenarians

Cătoi, Adriana Florinela; Corina, Andreea; Katsiki, Niki; Vodnar, Dan Cristian; Andreicuț, Andra Diana; Stoian, Anca Pantea; Rizzo, Manfredi; Pérez‐Martínez, Pablo

doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165765

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 123 publications

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“…Here, certain aspects of the changes in centenarians and semi-supercentenarians are proinflammatory, such as the decline in the abundance of the putative butyrate producers like Faecalibacterium (phylum Firmicutes), while on the other hand within the Bacteroidetes phylum, Rikenellaceae (Alistipes) and Porphyromonaceae (Parabacteroides, Odoribacter, Porphyromonas), also butyrate producers, were found to be increased in all centenarians [201] with the concomitant decrease of Prevotella (phylum Bacteroidetes) richness, sustaining the changes in microbiota holding strong antiinflammatory activity [202,203]. Thus, the dysbiosis, proinflammatory change in microbiota composition in the oldest old, is compensated by the increase of anti-inflammatory bacteria which are metabolically more active than the former [204]. Thus, the microbiota of centenarians support both the increase in the inflammatory load found in the sera but also a compensatory mechanism which is maintaining a fine balance, nevertheless favoring longevity.…”

Section: Centenariansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

et al. 2020

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Alterations in the immune system with aging are considered to underlie many age-related diseases. However, many elderly individuals remain healthy until even a very advanced age. There is also an increase in numbers of centenarians and their apparent fitness. We should therefore change our unilaterally detrimental consideration of age-related immune changes. Recent data taking into consideration the immunobiography concept may allow for meaningful distinctions among various aging trajectories. This implies that the aging immune system has a homeodynamic characteristic balanced between adaptive and maladaptive aspects. The survival and health of an individual depends from the equilibrium of this balance. In this article, we highlight which parts of the aging of the immune system may be considered adaptive in contrast to those that may be maladaptive.

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Section: Centenariansmentioning

confidence: 93%

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

et al. 2020

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“…In addition, other hallmarks of immunosenescence are represented by a decrease in the capacity to respond to new antigens and the accumulation of memory T cells ( 103 , 104 ). In aging, the gut dysbiosis leads, at least partly, to immune dysfunction, culminating in a more inflammatory environment with poor immune editing ( 29 , 105 ). It is important to know that although the gut microbiota does not age its profile changes during aging.…”

Section: Aging and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During aging, the gut microbiota is characterized by an increase in the expression of proteolytic genes and a decrease in saccharolytic ones leading to the growth of pathogens, which in turn intensify inflammation ( 29 ). The most striking change in the microbiota of elderly individuals is the change in the relative proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; the elderly having a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes, while in young adults the Firmicutes prevail ( 30 ).…”

Section: Aging and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most striking change in the microbiota of elderly individuals is the change in the relative proportions of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes; the elderly having a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes, while in young adults the Firmicutes prevail ( 30 ). Moreover, the production of anti-inflammatory factors by the microbiota of elderly individuals is reduced, including butyrate ( 29 ). All these alterations observed in the gut microbiota during aging enhance a more pro-inflammatory environment, contributing to inflammaging .…”

Section: Aging and Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is a Crucial Player for the Poor Outcomes for COVID-19 in Elderly, Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients

et al. 2021

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A new infectious disease, named COVID-19, caused by the coronavirus associated to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV-2) has become pandemic in 2020. The three most common pre-existing comorbidities associated with COVID-19-related death are elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people. A common factor among these risk groups for the outcome of death in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 is dysbiosis, with an increase in the proportion of bacteria with a pro-inflammatory profile. Due to this dysbiosis, elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people present a higher propensity to mount an inflammatory environment in the gut with poor immune editing, culminating in a weakness of the intestinal permeability barrier and high bacterial product translocation to the bloodstream. This scenario culminates in a low-grade, persistent, and systemic inflammation. In this context, we propose here that high circulating levels of bacterial products, like lipopolysaccharide (LPS), can potentiate the SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokines, including IL-6, being crucial for development of the cytokine storm in the severe form of the disease. A better understanding on the possible correlation between gut dysbiosis and poor outcomes observed in elderly, diabetic, and hypertensive people can be useful for the development of new therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the gut microbiota.

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“…Aging is a progressive complex process that comprises a plethora of mechanisms such as senescence, immune-senescence and inflammation, representing important pathways of age-related diseases [ 1 ]. Estimates suggest that ~20% of the world population may be aged 65 or older by 2030, and have an increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-aging effects of a functional food via the action of gut microbiota and metabolites in aging mice

Zhang

Chen

et al. 2021

Aging

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Wushen (WS) is a mixed food containing 55 natural products that is beneficial to human health. This study aimed to reveal the preventive effect of WS on aging via a combined analysis of gut microbiome and metabolome. Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as aging model and senescence-accelerated mouse resistant 1 (SAMR1) mice as control. The mice were fed four diet types; control diet (for SAMR1 mice), standard diet (for SAMP8 mice, as SD group), WS diet, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT; transplanted from aging-WS mice). Our results showed that the weight, food intake, neurological function, and general physical conditions significantly improved in WS-fed mice compared to those fed with SD. The CA1 hippocampal region in WS-fed aged mice showed fewer shriveled neurons and increased neuronal layers compared to that of the SD group. WS-fed mice showed a decrease in malondialdehyde and an increase in superoxide dismutase levels in the brain; additionally, IL-6 and TNF-α levels significantly decreased, whereas IL-2 levels and the proportion of lymphocytes, CD3+CD8+ T, and CD4+IFNγ+T cells increased in WS-fed mice. After fed with WS, the abundance of Ruminococcus and Butyrivibrio markedly increased, whereas Lachnoclostridium and Ruminiclostridium significantly decreased in the aging mice. In addition, 887 differentially expressed metabolites were identified in fecal samples, among these, Butyrivibrio was positively correlated with D-glucuronic acid and Ruminococcus was positively associated with 5-acetamidovalerate. These findings provide mechanistic insight into the impact of WS on aging, and WS may be a valuable diet for preventing aging.

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Gut microbiota and aging-A focus on centenarians

Cited by 47 publications

References 123 publications

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

Immunosenescence is both functional/adaptive and dysfunctional/maladaptive

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Is a Crucial Player for the Poor Outcomes for COVID-19 in Elderly, Diabetic and Hypertensive Patients

Anti-aging effects of a functional food via the action of gut microbiota and metabolites in aging mice

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