Gut microbiota–derived short-chain fatty acids and kidney diseases

Abstract

Gut microbiota and its metabolites play pivotal roles in host physiology and pathology. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as a group of metabolites, exert positive regulatory effects on energy metabolism, hormone secretion, immune inflammation, hypertension, and cancer. The functions of SCFAs are related to their activation of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors and their inhibition of histone acetylation. Though controversial, growing evidence suggests that SCFAs, which regulate inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, have been involved in kidney disease through the activation of the gut–kidney axis; however, the molecular relationship among gut microbiota–derived metabolites, signaling pathways, and kidney disease remains to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of the physiology and functions of SCFAs in kidney disease.

In Vivo Colonic Fermentation of Sorghum (<i>Sorghum bicolor</i> L.): Important Correlations Observed among the Physiological Parameters of Cecum, Liver, Adipose Tissue and Fasting Serum Lipid Profile

“…Interestingly, only cecal butyric acid content exhibited a significant negative correlation with serum TC and non-HDL-C. This might have been an indirect manifest of the trophic effect of butyric acid on cecal tissue proliferation or an effect of activation of GPR109A receptor in adipose tissue or hepatocytes, which responds only to butyric acid (9,13). The correlations between serum lipid profile and cecal butyrate content could be identified as a cross-sectional view of the scenario in the adipose tissue masses, as they exhibited the same trend.…”

“…Further, butyric acid and total SCFA contents seemed to have negatively affected FI resulting lower FBW and BWG, possibly which might have been due to the lower adipose tissue weights which was apparent in HAS, and it was further evinced by the negative correlations between butyric content and adipose tissue weights. Acetic acid seemed to have affected FBW which might have been due to the effects of other effector molecules either upregulated or downregulated by acetic acid (9). Higher RS content in HAS (30% w/w dry weight basis) might have been a good fermentative substrates for the key bacterial species identified in the HAS group; Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides and Parabacteroides (data not shown) who are known for their complex carbohydrate degrading ability in the colon (10).…”

Preliminary evaluation of fecal fatty acid concentrations in cats with chronic kidney disease and correlation with indoxyl sulfate and p‐cresol sulfate

“…Cats with CKD did not have significantly different fecal straight‐chain SCFA concentrations as compared to healthy geriatric cats. Factors that affect straight‐chain SCFA concentrations include the amount and type of fermentable carbohydrate consumption, composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota, colonic transit time, and interactions between microbes and the host . In humans with CKD and ESRD, it is commonly recommended to decrease the dietary intake of fruits and vegetables to limit potassium intake and prevent hyperkalemia .…”

Metabolic activity of intestinal microflora in newborns with a different mode of delivery

“…Желудочно-кишечный тракт содержит разнообразное и сложное микробное сообщество, которое играет ключевую роль в здоровье человека. В последние годы выявлено, что метаболиты кишечных микроорганизмов существенно влияют на физиологию и патологию хозяина [20,21]. Колонизация кишечника микробами в раннем возрасте имеет решающее значение для развивающейся иммунной системы новорожденных, метаболической функции и потенциально будущего здоровья.…”