Gut microbiota: a source of novel tools to reduce the risk of human disease?

Collado, María Carmen; Rautava, Samuli; Isolauri, Erika; Salminen, Seppo

doi:10.1038/pr.2014.173

Cited by 79 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 89 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…Identification of more specific microbes (probiotics) or their growth factors (prebiotics) would be of great interest for different disease settings in the future. As an infant's gut microbiota is closely related to the mother's microbiota, manipulating the maternal microbiota may be a safe and effective alternative approach to decrease the risk of allergic and noncommunicable diseases in the future [61].…”

Section: Probiotics and Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and the development of pediatric diseases

2015

J Gastroenterol

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The human gut harbors a huge number of microbes, which are collectively named ''microbiota.'' The dynamic composition of the human gut microbiota is determined by multiple factors, including mode of delivery, diet, environment, and antibiotics. A healthy gut microbiota is helpful to the host in many aspects, including providing nutrients, protection from pathogens, and maturation of immune responses. Dysbiosis plays important roles in various diseases in infancy and later life: necrotizing enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, and atopic diseases are some examples. Studies of functional metagenomics by newly developed techniques, such as next-generation sequencing, will not only elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-host interactions but will also provide new possibilities for disease prevention and treatment.

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Section: Probiotics and Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota and the development of pediatric diseases

2015

J Gastroenterol

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“…Alterations of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and a decrease in gut microbiota richness (Li et al, 2014; Collado et al, 2015; Rogers, 2015) are emerging as factors associated with the development of inflammatory and systemic autoimmune diseases (Yeoh et al, 2013; Longman and Littman, 2015). Of great interest is the understanding of dysbiosis as a trigger or a reflection of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (Chung and Kasper, 2010; Stoll et al, 2014), in fact, also autoimmunity can drive instability of the gut microbial ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of Fecal Microbiota Profiles in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Associations with HLA-B27 Allele and Disease Status

et al. 2016

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Alteration of gut microbiota is involved in several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, and gut microbial “pro-arthritogenic” profiles have been hypothesized. Intestinal inflammation may be involved in spondyloarthropathies and in a subset of patients affected by Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA), the most common chronic rheumatic disease of childhood. We compared the fecal microbiota composition of JIA patients with healthy subjects (HS), evaluating differences in microbial profiles between sub-categories of JIA, such as enthesitis-related arthritis (JIA-ERA), in which inflammation of entheses occurs, and polyarticular JIA, non-enthesitis related arthritis (JIA-nERA). Through taxon-level analysis, we discovered alteration of fecal microbiota components that could be involved in subclinical gut inflammation, and promotion of joint inflammation. We observed abundance in Ruminococcaceae in both JIA categories, reduction in Clostridiaceae and Peptostreptococcaceae in JIA-ERA, and increase in Veillonellaceae in JIA-nERA, respectively, compared with HS. Among the more relevant genera, we found an increase in Clostridium cluster XIVb, involved in colitis and arthritis, in JIA-ERA patients compared with HS, and a trend of decrease in Faecalibacterium, known for anti-inflammatory properties, in JIA-nERA compared with JIA-ERA and HS. Differential abundant taxa identified JIA patients for the HLA-B27 allele, including Bilophila, Clostridium cluster XIVb, Oscillibacter, and Parvimonas. Prediction analysis of metabolic functions showed that JIA-ERA metagenome was differentially enriched in bacterial functions related to cell motility and chemotaxis, suggesting selection of potential virulence traits. We also discovered differential microbial profiles and intra-group variability among active disease and remission, suggesting instability of microbial ecosystem in autoimmune diseases with respect to healthy status. Similarly to other chronic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, different microbial profiles, as observed among different JIA subgroups compared to HS, and potential functional acquisition related to migration, could promote inflammation and contribute to the disease pathogenesis.

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“…The "hygiene hypothesis" suggests that newborns delivered by cesarean section and raised in an overly clean environment may lack sufficient stimulation of the immune system, and may be prone to develop chronic inflammatory conditions and obesity (Collado et al, 2015). In mice, colonization of germ-free (GF) mice during the neonatal period is helpful to establish immune signaling, whereas colonization of GF mice at 5 weeks of age leads to specific changes in chemokine signaling (Yamamoto et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Germ-Free Mice by Conventionalization and Probiotics

Selwyn

Cheng

Klaassen

et al. 2015

Drug Metabolism and Disposition

110

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Little is known regarding the effect of intestinal microbiota modifiers, such as probiotics and conventionalization with exogenous bacteria, on host hepatic drug metabolism. Therefore, the goal of this study was to determine the effect of these modifiers on the expression of various drug-metabolizing enzymes of the host liver. VSL3 is a probiotic that contains eight live strains of bacteria. Five groups of mice were used: 1) conventional mice (CV), 2) conventional mice treated with VSL3 in drinking water, 3) germ-free (GF) mice, 4) GF mice treated with VSL3, and 5) GF mice exposed to the conventional environment for 2 months. All mice were 3 months old at tissue collection. GF conditions markedly downregulated the cytochrome P450 (P450) 3a gene cluster, but upregulated the Cyp4a cluster, whereas conventionalization normalized their expression to conventional levels [reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot]. Changes in the Cyp3a and 4a gene expression correlated with alterations in the pregnane X receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a-DNA binding, respectively (chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR). VSL3 increased each bacterial component in the large intestinal content of the CV mice, and increased these bacteria even more in GF mice, likely due to less competition for growth in the GF environment. VSL3 given to conventional mice increased the mRNAs of Cyp4v3, alcohol dehydrogenase 1, and carboxyesterase 2a, but decreased the mRNAs of multiple phase II glutathione-S-transferases. VSL3 given to germ-free mice decreased the mRNAs of UDPglucuronosyltransferases 1a9 and 2a3. In conclusion, conventionalization and VSL3 alter the expression of many drug-metabolizing enzyme s in the liver, suggesting the importance of considering "bacteria-drug" interactions for various adverse drug reactions in patients.

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Gut microbiota: a source of novel tools to reduce the risk of human disease?

Cited by 79 publications

References 89 publications

Gut microbiota and the development of pediatric diseases

Gut microbiota and the development of pediatric diseases

Alteration of Fecal Microbiota Profiles in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Associations with HLA-B27 Allele and Disease Status

Regulation of Hepatic Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Germ-Free Mice by Conventionalization and Probiotics

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