Gut microbiota: a missing link in psychiatry

Dinan, Timothy G.; Cryan, John F.

doi:10.1002/wps.20726

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The role of the gut microbiome in mental health is currently receiving considerable research interest 117 . Since the microbiome appears to be influenced by exercise 118 and diet 119 , this could be considered as another potential pathway through which modifiable health behaviors could impact on mental health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

et al. 2020

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There is increasing academic and clinical interest in how “lifestyle factors” traditionally associated with physical health may also relate to mental health and psychological well‐being. In response, international and national health bodies are producing guidelines to address health behaviors in the prevention and treatment of mental illness. However, the current evidence for the causal role of lifestyle factors in the onset and prognosis of mental disorders is unclear. We performed a systematic meta‐review of the top‐tier evidence examining how physical activity, sleep, dietary patterns and tobacco smoking impact on the risk and treatment outcomes across a range of mental disorders. Results from 29 meta‐analyses of prospective/cohort studies, 12 Mendelian randomization studies, two meta‐reviews, and two meta‐analyses of randomized controlled trials were synthesized to generate overviews of the evidence for targeting each of the specific lifestyle factors in the prevention and treatment of depression, anxiety and stress‐related disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Standout findings include: a) convergent evidence indicating the use of physical activity in primary prevention and clinical treatment across a spectrum of mental disorders; b) emerging evidence implicating tobacco smoking as a causal factor in onset of both common and severe mental illness; c) the need to clearly establish causal relations between dietary patterns and risk of mental illness, and how diet should be best addressed within mental health care; and d) poor sleep as a risk factor for mental illness, although with further research required to understand the complex, bidirectional relations and the benefits of non‐pharmacological sleep‐focused interventions. The potentially shared neurobiological pathways between multiple lifestyle factors and mental health are discussed, along with directions for future research, and recommendations for the implementation of these findings at public health and clinical service levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

et al. 2020

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“…The disruption of the gut bacteria can alter levels of tryptophan and it has been found that patients with BP have lower levels of tryptophan compared to healthy controls [127]. Smaller randomised controlled trials in humans have shown the potential therapeutic effect of probiotics, like Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium in bipolar disorder [128].…”

Section: Bipolar Disordermentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders

Halverson

Alagiakrishnan

2020

Annals of Medicine

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Introduction: As individuals age, the prevalence of neurocognitive and mental health disorders increases. Current biomedical treatments do not completely address the management of these conditions. Despite new pharmacological therapy the challenges of managing these diseases remain.There is increasing evidence that the Gut Microbiome (GM) and microbial dysbiosis contribute to some of the more prevalent mental health and neurocognitive disorders, such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BP), and dementia as well as the behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Methodology: Scoping review about the effect of gut microbiota on neurocognitive and mental health disorders. Results: This scoping review found there is an evolving evidence of the involvement of the gut microbiota in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive and mental health disorders. This manuscript also discusses how the psychotropics used to treat these conditions may have an antimicrobial effect on GM, and the potential for new strategies of management with probiotics and faecal transplantation. Conclusions: This understanding can open up the need for a gut related approach in these disorders as well as unlock the door for the role of gut related microbiota management. KEY MESSAGES Challenges of managing mental health conditions remain in spite of new pharmacological therapy. Gut dysbiosis is seen in various mental health conditions. Various psychotropic medications can have an influence on the gut microbiota by their antimicrobial effect.

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“…These functions include the ability to assimilate otherwise indigestible components of our diet, disrupting substances that our body is unable to dismantle, such as cartilages and vegetable polysaccharides or to synthesize essential substances, such as vitamin K, which plays a role essential in blood clotting. Furthermore, it has been observed that the microorganisms that colonize the gastrointestinal tract are active protagonists of intense interactions between the gastrointestinal tract and the neuro-immuno-endocrine system [100,101].…”

Section: Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression and Obesity: Analysis of Common Biomarkers

Milano¹,

Paola²,

Carizzone³

et al. 2020

Diseases

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Depression and obesity are very common pathologies. Both cause significant problems of both morbidity and mortality and have decisive impacts not only on the health and well-being of patients, but also on socioeconomic and health expenditure aspects. Many epidemiological studies, clinical studies and meta-analyses support the association between mood disorders and obesity in relationships to different conditions such as the severity of depression, the severity of obesity, gender, socioeconomic status, genetic susceptibility, environmental influences and adverse experiences of childhood. Currently, both depression and obesity are considered pathologies with a high-inflammatory impact; it is believed that several overlapping factors, such as the activation of the cortico-adrenal axis, the exaggerated and prolonged response of the innate immune system and proinflammatory cytokines to stress factors and pathogens—as well as alterations of the intestinal microbiota which promote intestinal permeability—can favor the expression of an increasingly proinflammatory phenotype that can be considered a key and common phenomenon between these two widespread pathologies. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the common and interacting mechanisms between depression and obesity.

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Gut microbiota: a missing link in psychiatry

Cited by 32 publications

References 9 publications

A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

A meta‐review of “lifestyle psychiatry”: the role of exercise, smoking, diet and sleep in the prevention and treatment of mental disorders

Gut microbes in neurocognitive and mental health disorders

Depression and Obesity: Analysis of Common Biomarkers

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