Gut microbiomes and their metabolites shape human and animal health

Park, Woojun

doi:10.1007/s12275-018-0577-8

Cited by 52 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The ecosystem of mammalian GI tract emerges as home to trillions of microbes, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, which collectively termed as gut microbiota [8].The major function of gut microbiota is to aid in the harvest of nutrients and energy from our varied diets [9]. Furthermore, it influences a range of metabolic, developmental, and physiological processes affecting host health through stimulating the development of hosts' immune system [10][11][12], protecting against pathogen invasion [13], and regulating brain development and behavior [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein

et al. 2020

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Background: We have proved fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is an efficacious remedy to mitigate acute radiation syndrome (ARS); however, the mechanisms remain incompletely characterized. Here, we aimed to tease apart the gut microbiota-produced metabolites, underpin the therapeutic effects of FMT to radiation injuries, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: FMT elevated the level of microbial-derived indole 3-propionic acid (IPA) in fecal pellets from irradiated mice. IPA replenishment via oral route attenuated hematopoietic system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract injuries intertwined with radiation exposure without precipitating tumor growth in male and female mice. Specifically, IPAtreated mice represented a lower system inflammatory level, recuperative hematogenic organs, catabatic myelosuppression, improved GI function, and epithelial integrity following irradiation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing and subsequent analyses showed that irradiated mice harbored a disordered enteric bacterial pattern, which was preserved after IPA administration. Notably, iTRAQ analysis presented that IPA replenishment retained radiationreprogrammed protein expression profile in the small intestine. Importantly, shRNA interference and hydrodynamicbased gene delivery assays further validated that pregnane X receptor (PXR)/acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) signaling played pivotal roles in IPA-favored radioprotection in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions: These evidences highlight that IPA is a key intestinal microbiota metabolite corroborating the therapeutic effects of FMT to radiation toxicity. Owing to the potential pitfalls of FMT, IPA might be employed as a safe and effective succedaneum to fight against accidental or iatrogenic ionizing ARS in clinical settings. Our findings also provide a novel insight into microbiome-based remedies toward radioactive diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein

et al. 2020

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“…As a result of dysbiosis, intestinal permeability is increased, epithelial integrity is lost and mucus‐associated defence is weakened. Consequently, viable bacteria or microbial products together with host–bacteria interactions influence both normal physiology and disease susceptibility, either locally via signalling to different cell populations of the intestinal mucosa, but also to distant organs, including the liver . In the liver, these bacterial products may act directly on hepatocytes or cells of the immune system such as Kupffer cells or stellate cells .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoles: metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria capable of controlling liver disease manifestation

2019

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“…The more than 100 trillion microorganisms in the gut show high metabolic activity and are in continuous dialogue with the host immune system [ 2 ]. Moreover, the gut microbiota is an important source of metabolites, hormones, and neuro-mediators that directly regulate gut function and indirectly modulate the function of extra-intestinal organs such as the liver, brain, and kidney [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut–Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver?

et al. 2018

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Chronic liver diseases are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recently, gut dysbiosis was identified as an important factor in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. The relationship between gut microbiota and the liver is still not well understood; however, dysfunction of the gut mucosal barrier (“leaky gut”) and increased bacterial translocation into the liver via the gut–liver axis probably play crucial roles in liver disease development and progression. The liver is an important immunological organ, and, after exposure to gut-derived bacteria via portal circulation, it responds with activation of the innate and adaptive immune system, leading to hepatic injury. A better understanding of the pathophysiological links among gut dysbiosis, the integrity of the gut barrier, and the hepatic immune response to gut-derived factors is essential for the development of new therapies to treat chronic liver diseases.

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Gut microbiomes and their metabolites shape human and animal health

Cited by 52 publications

References 23 publications

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein

Gut microbiota-derived indole 3-propionic acid protects against radiation toxicity via retaining acyl-CoA-binding protein

Indoles: metabolites produced by intestinal bacteria capable of controlling liver disease manifestation

Gut–Liver Axis: How Do Gut Bacteria Influence the Liver?

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