Gut Microbiome Reveals Specific Dysbiosis in Primary Osteoporosis

Abstract

Object: Primary osteoporosis (PO) is the most common bone disease, which is characterized by decreased bone mass, damage of bone tissue microstructure, increased bone fragility, and is prone to fracture. Gut microbiome may be involved in bone metabolism of PO through gut-brain axis regulation of immune system and endocrine system, however, the specific mechanism is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to characterize the gut microbiome of patients with PO and its possible role in the occurrence and development of the disease. Methods: Fecal samples were collected from 48 PO patients and 48 healthy controls (HC). The composition of gut microbiome community was analyzed by 16s rDNA amplification sequencing, and the difference of gut microbiome composition between PO patients and HC individuals was compared. PICRUSt was also used to predict the biological function of gut microbiome in patients with PO, and to explore its possible role in the occurrence and development of this disease. The classification model is constructed by random forest algorithm so as to screen the key biomarkers. Result: The diversity of gut microorganisms in PO patients was significantly higher than that in HC group (p < 0.05) and there was significant difference in microbial composition in PO group. The abundance of Dialister (0.036 vs. 0.004, p < 0.001) and Faecalibacterium (0.331 vs. 0.132, p < 0.001) were significantly enriched which were the key flora related to PO. Although no significant correlation between bone mineral density and the richness of microbial communities are found, PICRUST results show that there are a wide range of potential pathways between gut microbiome and PO patients, including genetic information processing, metabolism, environmental information processing, cellular processes, human diseases, and organic systems. Notably, the discriminant model based on dominant microflora can effectively distinguish PO from HC (AUC = 93.56). Conclusions: The findings show that PO is related to the change of gut microbiome, especially the enriched Dialister and Faecalibacterium genera, which give new clues to understand the disease and provide markers for the diagnosis and new strategies for intervention treatment of the disease.

The Gut Microbiome Is Altered in Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and Osteopenia

“…This difference may be due to the lower analysis stringency in the Wang study, along with its low number of participants. Erysipelotrichaceae, of which Turicibacter is a member, has also previously been shown to be higher in healthy subjects compared with osteoporotic (17) . The lack of information on the potential role of archaea in previous studies on these conditions is not surprising.…”

“…This matches with previous studies using 16S rRNA sequencing that identified community differences between osteoporotic and healthy cohorts but did not observe differences in Shannon or Simpson diversity. (17,19) One study did identify differences in alpha diversity between healthy, osteoporotic, and osteopenic subjects, but there were only six participants per group and should be interpreted carefully. (18) Investigation into individual taxa found that the H versus OP and H versus OPN analyses revealed many similarities with Bacteroides associated with OP and OPN groups and unclassified Clostridia and methanogenic archaea associated with the H group.…”

“…Relatively few studies have investigated the composition of the gut microbiota in osteoporosis and/or osteopenia, and all previously published studies have used 16S rRNA analysis. (17)(18)(19) These studies have also examined a mixture of men and women where their osteoporosis may have a more diverse and genderspecific set of contributions to bone loss and microbiota composition. Gender has been shown to affect the composition and response of the gut microbiome.…”

Role of Vitamin C in Osteoporosis Development and Treatment—A Literature Review

“…Furthermore, dietary choices influence the composition of gut microbiota, a complex network of microorganisms capable of metabolizing foodstuffs into metabolically active compounds influencing the host homeostasis. The gut microbial composition of primary osteoporosis patients has recently been characterized and was found to differ significantly from healthy age-and sex-matching controls [7].…”

The Association between Gut Microbiota and Osteoporosis was Mediated by Amino Acid Metabolism: Multi-omics Integration in a Large Adult Cohort

“…The gut microbiota or it metabolites can also induce bone remodeling, which may be mediated by elevated serum IGF-1 levels in mice [18]. Few studies explored the associations between microbial function [16, 19] or fecal metabolites [17] and bone health in human adults. It was found that low-BMD/osteopenia might be related to a wide range of potential pathways (e.g., LPS biosynthesis, Membrane transport) [16, 19], or fecal metabolites like N-acetylmannosamine, deoxyadenosine, and adenosine [17].…”