Gut microbiome: New biomarkers in early screening of colorectal cancer

Abstract

Background Certain “star intestinal bacteria” have been found to act as a contributor to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Besides, given that the gut microbiome can be detected in a diverse range of samples (stool, tissue, blood, etc), it is categorized into fecal microbiome, blood microbiome, and tissue microbiome. Methods To provide an overview of the recent research progress, this review summarizes the characteristics of the gut microbiome in different samples at each stage of CRC and their screening efficiency. Results The screening models constructed from different sample microbiomes (healthy/colorectal adenoma, healthy/CRC, and colorectal adenoma/CRC) have both strengths and constraints in terms of biomarker reproducibility and area under the receiver‐operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the screening models. Many bacteria, such as Bifidobacteria, Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. n), Geotrichum candidum, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica, Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus, Anaerostipes caccae, Enhydrobacter, Lachnoclostridiumsp. m3, Bacteroides clarus, Clostridium hathewayi, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Culinariside, and enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF), show favorable diagnostic efficacy in early screening of colorectal cancer. Conclusions This review highlights stool, blood, tissue, and bowel fluid are the main sample sources for biomarkers, each with its own advantages and limitations. Moreover, other samples such as extracellular vesicles and biofilms also should been deserved further attention.

BaySyn: Bayesian Evidence Synthesis for Multi-system Multiomic Integration

“…Following these genes are two major clusters one containing genes at the decisive level for the BRCA, OV, and CL mechanistic models, and one containing genes at the decisive level for all three TCGA cancers. The consistent nature of functional evidence across this gene set is in agreement with findings from past investigations - multiple studies have indicated the prognostic value of members of this pathway in gynecological cancers - including breast, 35 ovarian, 36 and endometrial 37 cancer. The second-highest gene set in the KEGG analyses is the adherens junction gene set (p-value = 5.52 × 10 −5 ) (Figure 2b).…”

Reorganizing heterogeneous information from host–microbe interaction reveals innate associations among samples

“…Some OTUs with relatively high importance scores were noticeably clustered together in local regions. Figure S7 provides an example of a local area, where microbes, including Dorea [89], Methylophilaceae [90], Ruminococcaceae [91], Fusobacterium [92], and Clostridium [92], have been reported to be significantly associated with colonic cancer or adenoma, suggesting a consistent role of these microbes in colonic health within this region. Compared to traditional classification tools that can also report the importance of OTUs in classification, the understanding of the functionality of these OTUs can only be inferred based on individual OTU classification annotations, making it difficult to obtain a more accurate understanding.…”

Profiling of the intestinal community of Clostridia: taxonomy and evolutionary analysis

“…According to the AAI threshold, F. prausnitzii was included in the putative genus G12 of C2 with Gemmiger formicilis, another butyrate-producer with anti-inflammatory activity [59] . A. hadrus is another saccharolytic commensal that produces butyrate from carbohydrate metabolism and, mainly for this property, is positively associated with host health [60] . A. hadrus belonged to the genus G5 of C1 with A. caccae, the latter resulting a promising biomarker in early screening of colorectal cancer [61] .…”