Gut microbiome interventions in human health and diseases

Nie, Pengqing; Li, Zhiqiang; Wang, Yimeng; Zhang, Yubing; Zhao, Mengna; Luo, Jie; Du, Shizheng; Deng, Zixin; Chen, Jincao; Wang, Yunfu; Chen, Shi; Wang, Lianrong

doi:10.1002/med.21584

Cited by 58 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 260 publications

(451 reference statements)

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“…Since the gut microbiota affects inflammation and immunity not only locally at the mucosal level but also systemically, it stands to reason that the dysbiosis of gut microbiota should exist in various diseases, including brain disorders. 4 Patients with Parkinson's disease who suffer from constipation exhibit an altered gut microbiota with increased Enterobacteriaceae and decreased Prevotella, which is related to motor phenotype in patients. 5 In individuals with Alzheimer's disease, the altered microbiota is characterized by increased Bacteroidetes, decreased Firmicutes and Bifidobacterium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma

Li¹,

Wu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2021

DDDT

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Background: Gut microbiota is associated with the progression of brain tumors. However, the alterations in gut microbiota observed during glioma growth and temozolomide (TMZ) therapy remain poorly understood. Methods: C57BL/6 male mice were implanted with GL261 glioma cells. TMZ/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCC) was administered through gavage for five consecutive days (from 8 to 12 days after implantation). Fecal samples were collected before (T0) and on days 7 (T1), 14 (T2), and 28 (T3) after implantation. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing followed by absolute and relative quantitation analyses. Results: Nineteen genera were altered during glioma progression with the most dramatic changes in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla. During glioma growth, Lactobacillus abundance decreased in the early stage (T1) and then gradually increased (T2, T3); Intestinimonas abundance exhibited a persistent increase; Anaerotruncus showed a transient increase (T2) and then a subsequent decrease (T3). Similar longitudinal changes in Intestinimonas and Anaerotruncus abundance were observed in TMZ-treated mice, but the decrease of Anaerotruncus at T3 in the TMZ-treated group was less than that in the vehicle-treated group. No significant change in Lactobacillus was observed after TMZ treatment. Additionally, compared to vehicle control, TMZ treatment led to an enrichment in Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium. Conclusion: Glioma development and progression altered the composition of gut microbiota. Induction of Akkermansia and Bifidobacterium as well as the prevention of the reduction in Anaerotruncus may contribute to the anti-tumor effect of TMZ. This study helps to reveal the association between levels of specific microbial species in the gut and the anti-tumor effect of TMZ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma

Li¹,

Wu²,

Jiang³

et al. 2021

DDDT

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“…Many factors can modulate the profile of gut microbiota. This includes genetic and environmental factors along with baseline intestinal and generic health [10]. The diversity and composition of gut microbes is dynamic with antibiotic usage, obesity, allergies, inflammatory diseases and metabolic conditions, such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, all known to influence the ecosystem of the gut [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Bond¹,

Derbyshire

2019

Nutrients

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In recent years, the gut microbiome has become a focal point of interest with growing recognition that a well-balanced gut microbiota composition is highly relevant to an individual’s health status and well-being. Its profile can be modulated by a number of dietary factors, although few publications have focused on the effects of what we drink. The present review performed a systematic review of trials and mechanistic studies examining the effects of tea consumption, its associated compounds and their effects on the gut microbiome. Registered articles were searched up to 10th September 2019, in the PubMed and Cochrane library databases along with references of original articles. Human trials were graded using the Jadad scale to assess quality. Altogether 24 publications were included in the main review—six were human trials and 18 mechanistic studies. Of these, the largest body of evidence related to green tea with up to 1000 mL daily (4–5 cups) reported to increase proportions of Bifidobacterium. Mechanistic studies also show promise suggesting that black, oolong, Pu-erh and Fuzhuan teas (microbially fermented ‘dark tea’) can modulate microbial diversity and the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. These findings appear to support the hypothesis that tea ingestion could favourably regulate the profile of the gut microbiome and help to offset dysbiosis triggered by obesity or high-fat diets. Further well-designed human trials are now required to build on provisional findings.

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“…These bacteria are involved in bile acid metabolism, i.e., to generate bile salt hydrolase (BSH) enzymes that reduce cholesterol level [54]. Obese human subjects showed a higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio after supplementation with polyphenols, and this has been proposed as a reason for weight loss [92,93]. A previous study showed that body weight and dramatic dietary patterns might affect the gut microbiota composition [94,95].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

Khairudin

Jalil

Hussin

2021

Gastroenterology Insights

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A diet high in polyphenols is associated with a diversified gut microbiome. Tea is the second most consumed beverage in the world, after water. The health benefits of tea might be attributed to the presence of polyphenol compounds such as flavonoids (e.g., catechins and epicatechins), theaflavins, and tannins. Although many studies have been conducted on tea, little is known of its effects on the trillions of gut microbiota. Hence, this review aimed to systematically study the effect of tea polyphenols on the stimulation or suppression of gut microbiota in humans and animals. It was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol. Articles were retrieved from PubMed and Scopus databases, and data were extracted from 6 human trials and 15 animal studies. Overall, large variations were observed in terms of microbiota composition between humans and animals. A more consistent pattern of diversified microbiota was observed in animal studies. Tea alleviated the gut microbiota imbalance caused by high-fat diet-induced obesity, diabetes, and ultraviolet-induced damage. The overall changes in microbiota composition measured by beta diversity analysis showed that tea had shifted the microbiota from the pattern seen in animals that received tea-free intervention. In humans, a prebiotic-like effect was observed toward the gut microbiota, but these results appeared in lower-quality studies. The beta diversity in human microbiota remains intact despite tea intervention; supplementation with different teas affects different types of bacterial taxa in the gut. These studies suggest that tea polyphenols may have a prebiotic effect in disease-induced animals and in a limited number of human interventions. Further intervention is needed to identify the mechanisms of action underlying the effects of tea on gut microbiota.

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Gut microbiome interventions in human health and diseases

Cited by 58 publications

References 260 publications

Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma

Temozolomide-Induced Changes in Gut Microbial Composition in a Mouse Model of Brain Glioma

Tea Compounds and the Gut Microbiome: Findings from Trials and Mechanistic Studies

Effects of Polyphenols in Tea (Camellia sinensis sp.) on the Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Human Trials and Animal Studies

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