Gut Microbiome in Patients after Heart Transplantation—Current State of Knowledge

Olek, Katarzyna; Kuczaj, Agnieszka; Warwas, Szymon; Hrapkowicz, Tomasz; Przybyłowski, Piotr; Tanasiewicz, Marta

doi:10.3390/biomedicines11061588

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…The microbiome also interacts with the patients’ immune system with an immunomodulatory role in graft rejection after heart transplantation [ 36 ]. In patients with end-stage heart failure undergoing left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation or heart transplantation, serum levels of TMAO are persistently elevated both during the acute heart failure, and after ventricular assist device implantation, and therefore are considered independent of other measures of inflammation, endotoxemia, oxidative stress, and intestinal dysbiosis [ 37 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

Nenna,

Laudisio,

Taffon

et al. 2024

IJMS

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The high incidence of atrial fibrillation (AFib) following cardiac surgery (postoperative atrial fibrillation, POAF) relies on specific surgical features. However, in the setting of POAF, the role of the microbiome in the modulation of cardiac fibrosis is still not clear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the microbiome and its main metabolic product (trimethylamine-N-oxide, TMAO) in the fibrosis of myocardial tissue, to investigate its role in POAF. Patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, central atrio-caval cannulation and no history of AFib, were included. A fragment of the right atrium was analyzed for qualitative and mRNA-quantitative evaluation. A preoperative blood sample was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 100 patients have been included, with POAF occurring in 38%. Histologically, a higher degree of fibrosis, angiogenesis and inflammation has been observed in POAF. Quantitative evaluation showed increased mRNA expression of collagen-1, collagen-3, fibronectin, and transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) in the POAF group. ELISA analysis showed higher levels of TMAO, lipopolysaccharide and TGFb in POAF, with similar levels of sP-selectin and zonulin. TMAO ≥ 61.8 ng/mL (odds ratio, OR 2.88 [1.35–6.16], p = 0.006), preoperative hemoglobin < 13.1 g/dL (OR 2.37 [1.07–5.24], p = 0.033) and impaired right ventricular function (OR 2.38 [1.17–4.83], p = 0.017) were independent predictors of POAF. Also, TMAO was significantly associated with POAF by means of increased fibrosis. Gut microbiome product TMAO is crucial for myocardial fibrosis, which is a key factor for POAF. Patients in preoperative sinus rhythm who will develop POAF have increased genetic expression of pro-fibrotic genes and enhanced fibrosis in histological staining. Elevated TMAO level (≥61.8 ng/mL) is an independent risk factor for POAF.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

Nenna,

Laudisio,

Taffon

et al. 2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Cyclosporine mouthwash is useless because mucosal cytochrome P450 deactivates it ( Itin et al., 1992 ), and its mechanism of action relies on its interaction with systemic T-lymphocytes ( Sieg et al., 1995 ). In terms of microorganisms, CsA has been shown in a rat model to reduce the amount of Enterobacteriaceae and Clostridium clusters I and XIV ( Olek et al., 2023 ).…”

Section: Pharmacological Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

What can we learn from treatments of oral lichen planus?

Wu,

Bai,

Jing

et al. 2024

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Oral lichen planus (OLP), a T-lymphocyte-mediated disease of the oral mucosa, has a complex pathogenesis that involves a number of factors. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes and requires continuous follow up, and there is no curative treatment available. Erosive lichen planus, among others, has a risk of malignant transformation and requires standardized treatment to control its progression. Different clinical subtypes of oral lichen planus require appropriate treatment. Pharmacological treatments are the most widely available and have the greatest variety of options and a number of novel pharmacological treatments are presented as highlights, including JAK enzyme inhibitors. The second is photodynamic therapy, which is the leading physiological treatment. In addition, periodontal treatment and psychological treatment should not be neglected. In this review, we briefly discuss the most recent developments in therapies for oral lichen planus after summarizing the most widely used clinical treatments, aiming to provide different proposals for future clinical treatment.

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Gut Microbiome in Patients after Heart Transplantation—Current State of Knowledge

Cited by 2 publications

References 89 publications

Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

Intestinal Microbiota and Derived Metabolites in Myocardial Fibrosis and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation

What can we learn from treatments of oral lichen planus?

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