Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression: a Comprehensive Review

Capuco, Alexander; Urits, Ivan; Hasoon, Jamal; Chun, Rebecca; Gerald, Brittany; Wang, Jason K.; Ngo, Anh L.; Simopoulos, Thomas; Kaye, Alan D.; Colontonio, Matthew M.; Parker-Actlis, Tomasina; Fuller, Mitchell C.; Viswanath, Omar

doi:10.1007/s11916-020-00871-x

Cited by 35 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…A direct causative link between the gastrointestinal disturbances and MDD has not yet been established, but the gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved, though its role not yet fully elucidated (Bastiaanssen et al., 2020 ; Capuco et al., 2020 ; Carlessi et al., 2019 ; Caspani et al., 2019 ; Clarke, 2020 ; Cruz‐Pereira et al., 2020 ; Dinan & Cryan, 2019 ; Du et al., 2020 ; Kelly et al., 2019 ; Simpson et al., 2020 ). Gut microbiota has suggested to play a role in the bidirectional communication between the gastrointestinal system and the brain, also known as the gut‐brain axis (Capuco et al., 2020 ; Cryan & Dinan, 2012 ). The study by Sudo et al indicated an association between gastrointestinal bacteria and altered behavior (Sudo et al., 2004 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota variations in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder—A systematic review

et al. 2021

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The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by complex interactions between genetic, biological, and environmental factors (Saveanu & Nemeroff, 2012). Patients with MDD often have gastrointestinal disturbances, such as abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, diarrhea, and/or constipation (Walker et al., 1992). A direct causative link between the gastrointestinal disturbances and MDD has not yet been established, but the gut microbiota has been suggested to be involved, though its role not yet fully elucidated (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gut microbiota variations in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder—A systematic review

et al. 2021

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“…There is extensive evidence that the microbiota is part of a bidirectional neurohumoral communication system, known as the gut-brain axis, that integrates the host gut and brain activities [15]. This system could be significantly altered in severe psychiatric disorders such as MDD, although most evidence supporting this hypothesis derives from animal models [16,17]. Some studies in humans have highlighted the presence of specific alterations of the microbiota in patients affected by MDD compared to healthy individuals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants

et al. 2020

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common severe psychiatric illness, exhibiting sub-optimal response to existing pharmacological treatments. Although its etiopathogenesis is still not completely understood, recent findings suggest that an altered composition of the gut microbiota might play a role. Here we aimed to explore potential differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between patients with MDD and healthy controls (HC) and to identify possible signatures of treatment response by analyzing two groups of MDD patients characterized as treatment-resistant (TR) or responders (R) to antidepressants. Stool samples were collected from 34 MDD patients (8 TR, 19 R and 7 untreated) and 20 HC. Microbiota was characterized using the 16S metagenomic approach. A penalized logistic regression analysis algorithm was applied to identify bacterial populations that best discriminate the diagnostic groups. Statistically significant differences were identified for the families of Paenibacillaceae and Flavobacteriaceaea, for the genus Fenollaria, and the species Flintibacter butyricus, Christensenella timonensis, and Eisenbergiella massiliensis among others. The phyla Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and the family Peptostreptococcaceae were more abundant in TR, whereas the phylum Actinobacteria was enriched in R patients. Moreover, a number of bacteria only characterized the microbiota of TR patients, and many others were only detected in R. Our results confirm that dysbiosis is a hallmark of MDD and suggest that microbiota of TR patients significantly differs from responders to antidepressants. This finding further supports the relevance of an altered composition of the gut microbiota in the etiopathogenesis of MDD, suggesting a role in response to antidepressants.

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“…The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bi-directional communication pathway between the gut and central nervous system. It is believed to mediate or modulate various central processes through the vagus nerve and is involved with the production of microbial metabolites and immune mediators which trigger changes in neurotransmission, neuroinflammation, and behavior [51]. Studies demonstrated that there are marked alterations of the gut microbiota composition in people with depression compared to healthy controls; however, specific alterations in diversity, richness, and composition of microbiota are still not consistent [52].…”

Section: Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian Diet Is Associated with Lower Risk of Depression in Taiwan

et al. 2021

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In order to determine whether Taiwanese vegetarian diets reduce the risks of depression, we analyzed data from the Tzu Chi Vegetarian Study (TCVS), which is a prospective cohort study following 12,062 participants from the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation of Taiwan since 2005. The cohort was prospectively followed by linking to the National Health Institute Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan and hazard ratios of depression between vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups were calculated by Cox proportional hazards regression. We assessed dietary intake using a detailed food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Incident depression was ascertained through linkage to NHIRD which had claim records with the International Classification of Diseases, and a total of 3,571 vegetarians and 7,006 non-vegetarians were included in this analysis. Compared with non-vegetarians, the vegetarian group had a lower incidence of depressive disorders (2.37 vs. 3.21 per 10,000 person-years; adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.70; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.52–0.93). Thus, Taiwanese vegetarians had a lower risk of developing subsequent depressive disorders compared with non-vegetarians. This indicated that diet may be an important measure for the prevention of depression. However, to generalize to the global population requires further study.

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Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis and Depression: a Comprehensive Review

Cited by 35 publications

References 45 publications

Gut microbiota variations in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder—A systematic review

Gut microbiota variations in patients diagnosed with major depressive disorder—A systematic review

Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota in Major Depressive Disorder and in Treatment Resistance to Antidepressants

Vegetarian Diet Is Associated with Lower Risk of Depression in Taiwan

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