Gut Microbiome Alterations During HIV/SIV Infection: Implications for HIV Cure

Crakes, Katti R.; Jiang, Guochun

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2019.01104

Cited by 70 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 94 publications

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“…[111][112][113] These lentiviral infections break down the integrity of the gastrointestinal mucosa and lead to alteration of gut microbiome and associated disease progression. [114][115][116] HIV-1/SIV infection induced the rapid loss of ILC3s in the intestinal mucosa. 117,118 Transcriptional profiling during acute infection revealed increased expression of genes linked with a strong IFN acute-phase response and evidence of gut barrier breakdown.…”

Section: Intracellular Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces

2020

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Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a lymphocyte population that is mostly resident at mucosal surfaces. They help to induce an appropriate immune response to the microbiome at homeostasis. In healthy people, the mucosal immune system works symbiotically with organisms that make up the microbiota. ILCs play a critical role in orchestrating this balance, as they can both influence and in turn be influenced by the microbiome. ILCs also are important regulators of the early response to infections by diverse types of pathogenic microbes at mucosal barriers. Their rapid responses initiate inflammatory programs, production of antimicrobial products and repair processes. This review will focus on the role of ILCs in response to the microbiota and to microbial infections of the lung and intestine.

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Section: Intracellular Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces

2020

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“…One of the key physiological differences between primates that develop AIDS (humans, Macaca species) and SIV natural hosts, is that the latter maintains a healthy intestinal barrier despite the loss of mucosal CD4+ T cell subsets. We hypothesized that SIV-infected SMs would not exhibit the microbial dysbiosis reported in some studies for macaque species(29). At the phyla levels, the community structure between uninfected and SIV-infected SMs was largely similar and there was no significant differences between the levels of the predominant taxa Firmicutes (64% vs 61.5%, ns) or Bacteroidetes (28.7% vs 29.9, ns), nor differences in the next two most prevalent phyla, Spirochaetes (2.5% vs 3%) and Proteobacteria (2.1% vs 2.5%) ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then assessed for global taxonomic genera differences and included a comparative analysis for each part of the study for Lactobacillus and Prevotella , as previous literature have reported these genera have a significant impact on mucosal immunity in SIV or HIV pathogenesis (29). The genus Lactobacillus has been correlated with the inhibition of IDO1 activity, and helping preserve mucosal TH17 CD4+ T cells and gastrointestinal mucosal integrity (30).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome Stability with Chronic SIV Infection in AIDS-resistant Sooty Mangabeys

Bochart¹,

Tharp²,

Jean³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23 24 25 Abstract Word Count: 204 26 Text Word Count: 4,972 27 28 29 2 Abstract. 30 Sooty mangabeys (SMs) are a natural host species of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and 31 avoid acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) despite persistently high viral loads, making 32 them a pivotal research model for HIV pathogenesis. Unlike pathogenic SIV infection of macaque 33 species, or HIV infection of humans, SIV-infected SMs maintain gastrointestinal barrier integrity.34 Here, we characterize the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota of SIV-infected and uninfected SMs 35 and perform a comparative analysis of diet-matched, rhesus macaques (RM). We assessed the 36 fecal microbiome in fifty SM and thirty RM in total, and conducted analyses of the effect of SIV-37 status, species, and housing. When examining indoor-outdoor and indoor-only housing in our SM 38 cohorts, biodiversity reduction and mild phylogenetic taxonomic perturbances were present. No 39 statistically relevant differences were seen for biodiversity richness and evenness, or phylogenetic 40 taxonomic communities between SIV negative and positive SM cohorts. In contrast, with 41 pathogenic early chronic SIV infections in RM a trend of alpha diversity loss and increase of beta 42 diversity and few phyla taxonomic communities differed. Lastly, we observed lower levels of 43 pathobiont bacterial communities in SIV-uninfected SMs relative to RMs. These data suggest that 44 the pre-existing bacterial community structure may contribute to the divergent phenotype between 45 SIV natural hosts and pathogenic macaque species. 46 47 Importance.48

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“…Clear changes in the gut microbiome composition have been reported between HIV-infected and uninfected individuals both in the early and chronic infection stage [37]. Although the fecal microbiota of healthy humans and macaques shares many similarities, there was not such strong clustering of bacterial communities associated with SIV infection as that in HIV infection [38].…”

Section: Comparison Of the Gut Microbiota And Metabonomic Pro Les Betmentioning

confidence: 95%

Metagenomic and Metabonomic Profiling provide insights into AIDS resistance in African Green Monkey

Zhou

Wang

Shang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background As a natural host of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), African green monkeys (AGM) do not develop AIDS. AGM has recently been shown to rapidly activate and maintain evolutionarily conserved regenerative wound healing mechanisms in mucosal tissue in case of SIV acute infection, suggesting a role of mucosal integrity in AIDS resistance.However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms, especially of which the gut microbiome as well as the metabolites participate in. This study aims to characterize the profiles of gut microbiome and metabolites of AGM with chronic SIV infection (AGM_P), AGM without SIV infection (AGM_N), Cynomolgus macaque (CM), Rhesus macaque (RM). Results Compared with CM and RM, significant decreases in the abundances of Streptococcus, Alistipes, Treponema, Bacteoides, Methanobrevibacter, Methanobrevibacter (P < 0.01), as well as significant increases in the abundances of Clostridium, Eubacterium, Blautia, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium, Dialister (P < 0.01) were demonstrated in AGM_N. Compared with AGM_N, a trend in the increased abundances of Streptococcus and Roseburia were found in AGM_P. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis validated the increased abundances of butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacteria in AGM_N (P < 0.05). Metabolites involved in lipid metabolism, as well as in butanoate metabolism, were found to be with significantly different levels between AGM_P, AGM_N and CM. And some of these metabolites were shown to be correlated to the abundances of Haloarchaeobius, Methanobrevibacter, Methanothermococcus, and Methanoregula in AGM_N and AGM_P. Conclusions Compared with CM and RM, AGM possesses different capacities of lipid metabolism and butanoate metabolism, which correlates with gut homeostasis and mucosal integrity. These findings may provide insight into AIDS resistance in AGM.

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Gut Microbiome Alterations During HIV/SIV Infection: Implications for HIV Cure

Cited by 70 publications

References 94 publications

The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces

The role of innate lymphoid cells in response to microbes at mucosal surfaces

Microbiome Stability with Chronic SIV Infection in AIDS-resistant Sooty Mangabeys

Metagenomic and Metabonomic Profiling provide insights into AIDS resistance in African Green Monkey

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