Gut Microbial Diversity Is Reduced in Smokers with Crohnʼs Disease

Opstelten, Jorrit L.; Plassais, Jonathan; Mil, Saskia W.C. van; Achouri, Emna; Pichaud, Matthieu; Siersema, Peter D.; Oldenburg, Bas; Cervino, Alessandra

doi:10.1097/mib.0000000000000875

Cited by 91 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Thus, studies targeting selected bacterial groups reported that patients with active CD, who also smoked, had microbial profiles different from those of non-smoking patients with CD. Similar results were found in healthy smoking controls, suggesting that the association related not to intestinal inflammation but, instead, to a direct impacts of smoking on the microbiota [129,130]. Differences between mice and humans at the level of the gut microbiota limit the usefulness of mouse models, relevant to CS, gut microbiota and IBD.…”

Section: Gut Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 70%

Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Sasso¹,

Schlage²,

Phillips³

et al. 2018

Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases - An Effective Therapeutic Strategy

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Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) comprise primarily two disease manifestations, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), each with distinctive clinical and pathological features. Environmental and clinical factors strongly affect the development and clinical outcomes of IBDs. Among environmental factors, cigarette smoke (CS) is considered the most important risk factor for CD, while it attenuates the disease course of UC. Various animal models have been used to assess the impact of CS on intestinal pathophysiology. This chapter examines the suitability of animal inhalation/smoke exposure models for assessing the contrary effects of CS on UC and CD. It presents an updated literature review of IBD mouse models and a description of possible mechanisms relevant to relationships between IBD and smoking. In addition, it summarises various technical inhalation approaches, in the context of mouse disease models of IBD.

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Section: Gut Microbiotasupporting

confidence: 70%

Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Sasso¹,

Schlage²,

Phillips³

et al. 2018

Experimental Animal Models of Human Diseases - An Effective Therapeutic Strategy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Enterorhabdus and Pedobacter were also decreased in PS group of rats. Enterorhabdus was shown to be associated with autism spectrum disorder in a murine model (de Theije et al, 2014) and with a genetic variant of the human leukocyte antigen complex that has been related to inflammatory diseases (Opstelten et al, 2016). Pedobacter, heparinase-produsing bacteria, are a normal component of the gut microbiota of healthy fish (Wang et al, 2018a) and the medicinal leech (Ott et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats

et al. 2019

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Aims To evaluate efficacy of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentate prebiotic (EH) in protection of intestinal barrier integrity in rats during heat stress, to analyze the impact of heat stress and preventive treatment with EH on the structure of the gut microbiota. Methods and Results Two groups of rats were treated orally with EH or phosphate‐buffered saline for 14 days. On day 15, half of the rats in each group were exposed to heat stress conditions, while control animals were kept at room temperature. Histological and Western blot analyses of the intestine, culture‐based microbiological analysis and high‐throughput 16S rRNA sequencing for the gut microbiota were performed for each rat. Exposure of animals to heat stress conditions resulted in inhibition of tight junction (TJ) proteins expression, decrease of Paneth and goblet cells, decrease of beneficial and increase of pathogenic bacteria. Oral treatment of rats with EH before stress significantly prevents these adverse effects by elevation of the gut beneficial bacteria, particularly butyrate‐producing bacteria. Conclusions Essential effect of EH in protection of intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress is connected with beneficial modulation of the gut microbiota. Significance and Impact of the Study Our results will contribute to the development of new approaches to prevention of heat stress‐related complications.

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“…Compared with non-smoking Crohn's disease patients, gut microbial gene richness, genus and species diversity were reduced in smoking patients, with lower relative abundance of the genera Collinsella, Enterorhabdus and Gordonibacter, and of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. 147 Moreover, significant alterations in microbiota composition has been reported in healthy smokers, which reverses upon smoking cessation, with marked increases in overall microbial diversity and an increase in the phyla Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, as well as a lower proportion of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, compared with continuing smokers and non-smokers. 148 Colonic bacterial dysbiosis was also reported in mice chronically (24 weeks) exposed to cigarette smoke, with increases in Lachnospiraceae sp.…”

Section: The Role Of the Microbiome In Copdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung

et al. 2017

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Chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In the past decade, the interest in the role of microbiome in maintaining lung health and in respiratory diseases has grown exponentially. The advent of sophisticated multiomics techniques has enabled the identification and characterisation of microbiota and their roles in respiratory health and disease. Furthermore, associations between the microbiome of the lung and gut, as well as the immune cells and mediators that may link these two mucosal sites, appear to be important in the pathogenesis of lung conditions. Here we review the recent evidence of the role of normal gastrointestinal and respiratory microbiome in health and how dysbiosis affects chronic pulmonary diseases. The potential implications of host and environmental factors such as age, gender, diet and use of antibiotics on the composition and overall functionality of microbiome are also discussed. We summarise how microbiota may mediate the dynamic process of immune development and/or regulation focusing on recent data from both clinical human studies and translational animal studies. This furthers the understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases and may yield novel avenues for the utilisation of microbiota as potential therapeutic interventions.

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Gut Microbial Diversity Is Reduced in Smokers with Crohnʼs Disease

Abstract: Article first published online 10 August 2016.

Cited by 91 publications

References 56 publications

Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Animal Inhalation Models to Investigate Modulation of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Yeast fermentate prebiotic improves intestinal barrier integrity during heat stress by modulation of the gut microbiota in rats

Microbiome effects on immunity, health and disease in the lung

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