Gut microbial composition in patients with psoriasis

Abstract

Since the last 5–10 years the relevance of the gut microbiome on different intestinal illnesses has been revealed. Recent findings indicate the effect of gut microbiome on certain dermatological diseases such as atopic dermatitis. However, data on other skin diseases such as psoriasis are limited. This is the first time attempting to reveal the gut microbiome composition of psoriatic patients with a prospective study including a group of patients with plaque psoriasis, analyzing their gut microbiome and the relationship between the microbiome composition and bacterial translocation. The microbiome of a cohort of 52 psoriatic patients (PASI score ≥6) was obtained by 16s rRNA massive sequencing with MiSeq platform (Illumina inc, San Diego) with an average of 85,000 sequences per sample. The study of the gut microbiome and enterotype shows from the first time a specific “psoriatic core intestinal microbiome” that clearly differs from the one present in healthy population. In addition, those psoriatic patients classified as belonging to enterotype 2 tended to experience more frequent bacterial translocation and higher inflammatory status (71%) than patients with other enterotypes (16% for enterotype 1; and 21% for enterotype 3).

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in a cohort of patients with psoriasis

“…These results displayed an increase in the Firmicutes / Bacteroidetes ratio in the patients with psoriasis compared with the healthy control group. The reduction in Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides genus is in concordance with previously published studies in gut microbiota of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis . Moreover, our results detected an increase in Ruminococcus , Blautia , Collinsella , Dorea and Bifidobacterium in the psoriasis group that was also reported by Codoñer and colleagues .…”

“…The reduction in Bacteroidetes and Bacteroides genus is in concordance with previously published studies in gut microbiota of psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis . Moreover, our results detected an increase in Ruminococcus , Blautia , Collinsella , Dorea and Bifidobacterium in the psoriasis group that was also reported by Codoñer and colleagues . However, these authors described a general increase in microbial diversity in the psoriasis group, whereas our results suggest the opposite, being in concordance with the study of Scher and colleagues .…”

“…However, there is no clear pattern of gut microbial dysbiosis among these autoimmune diseases. The lower microbial diversity detected in our study has been reported previously for other cohorts of patients with psoriasis but not in other studies . Lower diversity in patients with autoimmune disease has also been described for rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn disease .…”

The gut microbiome alterations in allergic and inflammatory skin diseases – an update

“…The observations also suggested that the characteristic psoriatic microbial composition might be associated with altered transport of carbohydrate, cobalamin and iron, as well as chemotaxis . In accordance with these reports remains the term ‘psoriatic core intestinal microbiome’, which has been proved to show distinct changes of gut microbiome pattern in comparison with healthy individuals . As already mentioned, Zanvit et al .…”

Personalized medicine—concepts, technologies, and applications in inflammatory skin diseases

“…The cutaneous microbiome has been suggested as a factor that could trigger the immune system and initiate development of psoriasis , but as to date, the few and mainly descriptive data have been inconclusive. A recent analysis of the gut microbiome of 52 PSO patients suggested a specific ‘psoriatic core intestinal microbiome’ that differed from what is found in healthy subjects , but since the latter (healthy) data were pulled from the Human Microbiome Project, the analysis is confounded (with study), and calls for confirmation by a direct comparison of PSO patients with age and gender‐matched healthy controls. To establish – or rebut – a possible causative link between the microbiome (and its modulation by antibiotics, pre‐ or probiotics), psoriasis pathogenesis, and therapeutic effect, prospective, longitudinal intervention studies are needed.…”