Gut Microbial Alterations in Diarrheal Baer's Pochards (Aythya baeri)

Abstract

The structure and composition of gut microbiota correlate with the occurrence and development of host health and disease. Diarrhea can cause alterations in gut microbiota in animals, and the changes in the gut microbial structure and composition may affect the development of diarrhea. However, there is a scarcity of information on the effects of diarrhea on gut fungal composition and structure, particularly in Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri). The current study was performed for high-throughput sequencing of the fungal-specific internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) to detect the differences of gut mycobiota in healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard. Results showed that the gut mycobiota not only decreased significantly in diversity but also in structure and composition. Statistical analysis between two groups revealed a significant decrease in the abundance of phylum Rozellomycota, Zoopagomycota, Mortierellomycota, and Kickxellomycota in diarrheal Baer's pochard. At the genus levels, fungal relative abundance changed significantly in 95 genera, with 56 fungal genera, such as Wickerhamomyces, Alternaria, Penicillium, Cystofilobasidium, and Filobasidium, increasing significantly in the gut of the diarrheal Baer's pochard. In conclusion, the current study revealed the discrepancy in the gut fungal diversity and community composition between the healthy and diarrheal Baer's pochard, laying the basis for elucidating the relationship between diarrhea and the gut mycobiota in Baer's pochard.

Intestinal Ecology Changes in Diarrheic Père David’s Deer Revealed by Gut Microbiota and Fecal Metabolites Analysis

“…In our study, a significant reduction in gut microbial abundance and diversity was observed in diarrheic Père David’s deer ( Figure 1 ). Similar data were reported in diarrheic humans ( Homo sapiens ) [ 32 ], mice ( Mus musculus ) [ 33 ], Baer’s pochards ( Aythya baeri ) [ 23 ], musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii ) [ 19 ], and giraffes ( Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata ) [ 24 ]. Thus, gut microbiota diversity reductions may be typical features in diarrheic individuals, no matter the diarrhea type or causative species.…”

“…Meantime, intestinal microbial communities are often severely imbalanced in diarrheic hosts, regardless of the diarrhea cause; even gut microbiota dysbiosis may be causative for diarrhea [ 21 , 22 ]. The changes of gut microbiota were reported in diarrheic Baer’s pochards ( Aythya baeri ) [ 23 ], musk deer ( Moschus berezovskii) [ 19 ] and giraffes ( Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata ) [ 24 ]. However, to date, the gut microbiota condition in diarrheic Père David’s deer is still unknown.…”

Gastrointestinal histoplasmosis complicating pediatric Crohn disease: A case report and review of literature

“…Histologically, tissue shows diffuse expansion of lamina propria and submucosa by macrophages containing intracellular yeast forms[ 6 , 10 ]. As in our case, due to similarities in presentation, pattern of involvement and associated granulomatous inflammation, gastrointestinal histoplasmosis can mimic CD[ 6 , 14 - 17 ].…”

Characterization of microbiome and metabolite analyses in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease and type II diabetes mellitus

“…Notably, state-of-the-art renewal has revealed diseases linked to dyslipidemia including atherosclerosis, obesity and MAFLD, which are associated with variations in gut microbiota profile and the accompanied host metabolism and physiology [11][12][13][14]. Meanwhile, compelling evidences have indicated that the gut microbiota might impact lipid metabolism in blood and tissue of the body via metabolites (e.g., short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, secondary bile acids, indole and its derivatives) and the bacterially proinflammatory factors (e.g., extracellular vesicles, peptidoglycan, DNA, lipopolysaccharide) [15][16][17].…”