Gut-Lung Microbiota in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics

Shi, Chang Yi; Yu, Chen; Yu, Weiwei; Ying, Hua Zhong

doi:10.1155/2021/9278441

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…Patients with chronic respiratory diseases often have alteration of the composition and function of intestinal microbiota besides LM. Gut microbiota can affect respiratory immunity and barrier function through the lung-gut microbiota, resulting in altered prognosis of chronic respiratory diseases ( 10 ). However, if the patient also has a lung infection, the influence of PM on NSCLC development is obscured.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung microbiota features of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients without lung infection

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Han³

et al. 2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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Background The microbial community affects the occurrence, development, metastasis and treatment response of cancers. But the detailed role and characteristics of lung microbiota (LM) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are not fully known. For NSCLC associated microbiota analysis, it is valuable to combine multiple levels of detection, e.g., tumor, blood plasma, and bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF), but not single tissues. Methods This study collected above three sample types from NSCLC patients free from lung infection and aimed to describe their LM features using sequencing techniques. All patients diagnosed at the Department of Oncology in Shijiazhuang People’s Hospital with stage III or IV NSCLC from May 2019 to April 2020 were enrolled. All 37 pieces of tumor tissues and 6 blood samples were sent for pathogen targeted sequencing; for the BALF samples, 4 were used for pathogen targeted sequencing and 2 were sent for 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing. Results We detected 49 pathogenic microorganisms (PMs) in the 37 tumor samples, 28 PMs in the 4 BALF samples, and 14 PMs in the 6 plasma samples. Overall, there were 5 common PMs in 3 types of samples. Between the tumor and BALF samples, there were another 11 common elements. In the 5 tumor-plasma pairs, the presence of a specific PM in blood was not necessarily consistent with that in the tumor. In the tumor-BALF pairs, the PM diversity was dramatically higher in the BALF than in the tumor. The PMs detected in the BALF could largely cover the PMs in the tumor. In the BALF 16S rDNA sequencing, there were 82 common operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the microbiota in the BALF of advanced NSCLC patients exhibited some similarity. Conclusions This study showed the unique features of LM. The amount of intra-tumoral PMs was not necessarily consistent with that in the blood, but there was an obvious correlation between the intra-tumoral microbiota and that in the BALF. It is convenient and non-invasive to obtain BALF. Detection of LM classification and abundance in the BALF may help evaluate the severity of NSCLC.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung microbiota features of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients without lung infection

Zhang¹,

Zhang²,

Han³

et al. 2022

Transl Cancer Res TCR

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“…The amount of LPS is critical in aggravating the severity of asthma, as it increases antigen-specific allergic reactions in the airways and inflammatory manifestations in patients and in experimental animal models with allergic asthma [35][36][37][38]. According to numerous epidemiological studies, it is the effect of low doses of LPS and bacterial components that is associated with protection against asthma in children raised in rural areas [3,[39][40][41][42][43]. There are several theories that explain the established pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in next-generation sequencing technology have revealed the key role of the lung and gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of asthma and other diseases of the respiratory tract [3]. Bacterial communities characteristic of patients with asthma have been identified; the bacteria Fusobacterium, Lachnospira, Veillonella, and Rothia are more common in patients with bronchial asthma than in healthy people [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of impaired functions of the cells of the pulmonary epithelium, for example, damage to the cilia of the mucous membrane or an excessive amount of secreted mucus, observed during allergic processes, colonization by microorganisms occurs, which can lead to infectious pathologies [9]. Systemic inflammation or inhibition of the phagocytic activity of macrophages can also cause changes in the lung microbiome [3][4][5]8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dual Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Bioregulators of Bacterial Origin in Experimental Model of Asthma

Guryanova

Гигани

Gudima

et al. 2022

Life

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Asthma is one of the most common noncommunicable diseases, affecting over 200 million people. A large number of drugs control asthma attacks, but there is no effective therapy. Identification of reasons for asthma and preventing this disease is a relevant task. The influence of bacterial components is necessary for the normal development of the immune system and the formation of an adequate immune response to antigens. In the absence of microorganisms or their insufficient exposure, the prerequisites are formed for excessive reactivity to harmless antigens. In the present study, we analyzed cellular and humoral factors in a standard mouse model of OVA-induced asthma modified by 5-fold intraperitoneal injection of bacterial cell wall fragments of glucosaminylmuramyl dipeptide (GMDP) 5 μg/animal or 1 μg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) per animal for 5 days before sensitization by ovalbumin (OVA). Preliminary administration of LPS or GMDP to animals significantly reduced goblet cells as well as the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage, wherein GMDP corrected neutrophilia to a 2-fold degree, and LPS reduced the severity of eosinophilia by 1.9 times. With OVA administration of GMDP or LPS at the sensitization stage, an increase in the total number of bronchoalveolar lavage cells due to neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, and eosinophils in relation to the group with asthma without GMDP or LPS was observed. The administration of GMDP or LPS to normal mice without asthma for 5 days had no statistically significant effect on the change in the number and population composition of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage in comparison with the control group receiving PBS. As a result of a study in a mouse model of asthma, a dual effect of LPS and GMDP was established: the introduction of LPS or GMDP before sensitization reduces neutrophilia and eosinophilia, while the introduction of LPS or GMDP together with an allergen significantly increases neutrophilia and eosinophilia. The study of the immunoglobulin status shows that in normal-asthma mice, GMDP and LPS slightly increase IgA in bronchoalveolar lavage; at the same time, in the asthma model, injections of GMDP or LPS before sensitization contribute to a significant decrease in IgA (2.6 times and 2.1 times, respectively) in BALF and IgE (2.2 times and 2.0 times, respectively) in blood serum. In an experimental model of asthma, the effect of GMDP and LPS was multidirectional: when they are repeatedly administered before sensitization, the bacterial components significantly reduce the severity of the allergic process, while in the case of a joint injection with an allergen, they increase the influx of macrophages, lymphocytes, and neutrophils into the lungs, which can aggravate the course of pathological process. Thus, the insufficient effect of antigens of a bacterial nature, in particular, with prolonged use of antibiotics can be compensated for by substances based on low-molecular-weight bioregulators of bacterial origin to establish the missing signals for innate immunity receptors, whose constant activation at a certain level is necessary to maintain homeostasis.

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“…With the recent advances in multiple omics techniques, a knowledge of the communities of commensal microorganisms within the human body was improved [6], and the correlation between the respiratory tract and the gastrointestinal tract has been gradually discovered [7]. In modern medicine, the gut-lung axis (GLA) theory uses the immune system and microbial flora, which colonize the intestine and lung, as a link hub to form a two-way axis that connects the intestines and lungs [8]. The microbiota of the gut has been the most extensively investigated and has a profound impact on host physiology, metabolism, immune function, and nutrition [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment of Qibai Pingfei Capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be mediated by Th17 / Treg balance and gut-lung axis microbiota

Jia

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a prevalent, progressive respiratory disease, has become the third leading cause of death globally. Increasing evidence suggests that intestinal and pulmonary microbiota dysbiosis is associated with COPD. Researchers have shown that T helper (Th) 17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance is involved in COPD. Qibai Pingfei Capsule (QBPF) is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat COPD clinically in China. However, the effects of QBPF intervention on the Th17/Treg balance and microbiota in the gut and lung are still poorly understood. Methods: This study divided the rats into three groups (n=8): control, model, and QBPF group. After establishing the model of COPD for four weeks and administration of QBPF for two weeks, Th17 cells, Treg cells, their associated cytokines, transcription factors, and intestinal and pulmonary microbiota of rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the correlations between intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and between bacterial genera and pulmonary function and immune function were measured. Results: The results revealed that QBPF could improve pulmonary function and contribute to the new balance of Th17/Treg in COPD rats. Meanwhile, QBPF treatment could regulate the composition of intestinal and pulmonary microbiota and improve community structure in COPD rats, suppressing the relative abundance of Coprococcus_2 , Prevotella_9 , and Blautia in the gut and Mycoplasma in the lung, but accumulating the relative abundance of Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 in the gut and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group in the lung. Additionally, gut–lung axis was confirmed by the significant correlations between the intestinal and pulmonary microbiota. Functional analysis of microbiota showed amino acid metabolism was altered in COPD rats in the gut and lung. Spearman correlation analysis further enriched the relationship between the microbiota in the gut and lung and pulmonary function and immune function in COPD model rats. Conclusions: Our study indicated that the therapeutic effects of QBPF may be achieved by maintaining the immune cell balance and regulating the gut-lung axis microbiota, providing references to explore the potential biomarkers of COPD and the possible mechanism of QBPF to treat COPD.

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Gut-Lung Microbiota in Chronic Pulmonary Diseases: Evolution, Pathogenesis, and Therapeutics

Cited by 36 publications

References 73 publications

Lung microbiota features of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients without lung infection

Lung microbiota features of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer patients without lung infection

Dual Effect of Low-Molecular-Weight Bioregulators of Bacterial Origin in Experimental Model of Asthma

The treatment of Qibai Pingfei Capsule on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may be mediated by Th17 / Treg balance and gut-lung axis microbiota

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