Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases

Rodrigues, Susana G.; van der Merwe, Schalk; Krag, Aleksander; Wiest, Reiner

doi:10.1016/j.smim.2023.101859

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 593 publications

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“…The emergence of the "gut-liver axis" idea, on the other hand, contends that the development of liver disease is significantly influenced by the ecological balance of gut flora. A fresh viewpoint on the management and prevention of alcoholic liver disease is offered by this idea (Rodrigues et al, 2024).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of Aspalatus linearis polysaccharide and its improving effect on acute alcoholic liver injury

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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Polysaccharides from natural sources can regulate the composition of intestinal flora through the “gut‐liver axis” pathway, potentially ameliorating alcoholic liver injury. Aspalathus linearis, also known as rooibos, is one such natural product that has shown promise in this regard. This study looked at the structural properties of A. linearis polysaccharide (ALP) and how well it would work to treat acute alcoholic liver impairment. This study looks at the composition of monosaccharides, functional groups, and molecular weight (Mw) of a newly discovered water‐soluble polysaccharide, named ALP. The polysaccharide is composed of pyranose rings, amide groups, and sulfate groups linked by β‐glycosidic linkage. It has a relative Mw of 4.30 × 103 kDa and is composed of glucose, rhamnose, and some other monosaccharides. The study found that treating mice with the model of acute alcoholic liver disease with ALP could alleviate pathological symptoms, inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines, and suppress indicators of oxidative stress. Experiments have shown that different doses of ALP can activate the P4502E1/Keap1‐Nrf2‐HO‐1 signaling pathway. The regulation of inflammatory factors and downstream antioxidant enzymes occurs as a result. Based on these data, it is likely that ALP protects the liver via the “gut‐liver axis” pathway by reducing oxidative stress‐related damage, inflammation, and alcohol‐related alterations to the gut microbiome. The results indicate that ALP mitigates injury caused by oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and changes in the gut microbiota induced by alcohol through the “gut‐liver axis” pathway, which provides protection to the liver. This provides preliminary evidence for the development of related drugs.Practical ApplicationResearchers extracted a polysaccharide from fresh leaves of Auricularia auricula. The polysaccharide was purified and determined to have a predominantly homogeneous molecular weight. An acute alcoholic liver damage mouse model was established, and it was concluded that the polysaccharide could ameliorate liver injury in mice through the “gut‐liver axis” pathway. This novel polysaccharide can be used as an additive to develop functional foods with beneficial effects, which can positively impact the daily maintenance of consumers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterization of Aspalatus linearis polysaccharide and its improving effect on acute alcoholic liver injury

Zhang,

Liu,

et al. 2024

Journal of Food Science

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Liver cirrhosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Dong,

Wang,

Jin

2024

MedComm

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Liver cirrhosis is the end‐stage of chronic liver disease, characterized by inflammation, necrosis, advanced fibrosis, and regenerative nodule formation. Long‐term inflammation can cause continuous damage to liver tissues and hepatocytes, along with increased vascular tone and portal hypertension. Among them, fibrosis is the necessary stage and essential feature of liver cirrhosis, and effective antifibrosis strategies are commonly considered the key to treating liver cirrhosis. Although different therapeutic strategies aimed at reversing or preventing fibrosis have been developed, the effects have not be more satisfactory. In this review, we discussed abnormal changes in the liver microenvironment that contribute to the progression of liver cirrhosis and highlighted the importance of recent therapeutic strategies, including lifestyle improvement, small molecular agents, traditional Chinese medicine, stem cells, extracellular vesicles, and gut remediation, that regulate liver fibrosis and liver cirrhosis. Meanwhile, therapeutic strategies for nanoparticles are discussed, as are their possible underlying broad application and prospects for ameliorating liver cirrhosis. Finally, we also reviewed the major challenges and opportunities of nanomedicine‒biological environment interactions. We hope this review will provide insights into the pathogenesis and molecular mechanisms of liver cirrhosis, thus facilitating new methods, drug discovery, and better treatment of liver cirrhosis.

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Role of gut microbiota and immune cells in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: clinical impact

Alisi,

McCaughan,

Grønbæk

2024

Hepatol Int

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Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and medical perspective in chronic liver diseases

Cited by 5 publications

References 593 publications

Structural characterization of Aspalatus linearis polysaccharide and its improving effect on acute alcoholic liver injury

Structural characterization of Aspalatus linearis polysaccharide and its improving effect on acute alcoholic liver injury

Liver cirrhosis: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions

Role of gut microbiota and immune cells in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: clinical impact

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