Gut feelings: mechanosensing in the gastrointestinal tract

Mercado‐Perez, Arnaldo; Beyder, Arthur

doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00561-y

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 165 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…12,16,[50][51][52] Moreover, serotonin metabolism is directly or indirectly modulated through the gut microbiota, reinforcing the essential roles of EC cells in the regulation of gut-brain axis. [153][154][155][156] Therefore, EC cell is a potential therapeutic target that may usher the emergence of pathophysiology-modifying therapies, using pharmacological agents targeting serotonin signaling or exploiting gut microbiota interventions. The pathophysiological mechanisms for similar symptoms may differ between patients with DGBIs.…”

Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterochromaffin Cells–Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Underpinning the Symptoms, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Wei

Singh

Ghoshal

2022

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Disorders of gut-brain interaction (DGBIs) are common conditions in community and clinical practice. As specialized enteroendocrine cells, enterochromaffin (EC) cells produce up to 95% of total body serotonin and coordinate luminal and basolateral communication in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. EC cells affect a broad range of gut physiological processes, such as motility, absorption, secretion, chemo/mechanosensation, and pathologies, including visceral hypersensitivity, immune dysfunction, and impaired gastrointestinal barrier function. We aim to review EC cell and serotonin-mediated physiology and pathophysiology with particular emphasis on DGBIs. We explored the knowledge gap and attempted to suggest new perspectives of physiological and pathophysiological insights of DGBIs, such as (1) functional heterogeneity of regionally distributed EC cells throughout the entire GI tract; (2) potential pathophysiological mechanisms mediated by EC cell defect in DGBIs; (3) cellular and molecular mechanisms characterizing EC cells and gut microbiota bidirectional communication; (4) differential modulation of EC cells through GI segment-specific gut microbiota;(5) uncover whether crosstalk between EC cells and (i) luminal contents; (ii) enteric nervous system; and (iii) central nervous system are core mechanisms modulating gut-brain homeostasis; and (6) explore the therapeutic modalities for physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms mediated through EC cells. Insights discussed in this review will fuel the conception and realization of pathophysiological mechanisms and therapeutic clues to improve the management and clinical care of DGBIs.

show abstract

Section: Conclusion and Further Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enterochromaffin Cells–Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Underpinning the Symptoms, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Wei

Singh

Ghoshal

2022

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The ability of the vulval muscles to respond to the injection stimulus independent of synaptic input suggests a bottom-up control of egg laying wherein stretch caused by egg accumulation activates the vulval muscles and egg laying. This mechanism of control is commonly found in various autonomic functions such as the myogenic reflex that detects stretch in the gut (Alvarez, 1922; Mercado-Perez and Beyder, 2022), baroreceptor reflex that maintains arterial pressure (Guyton, 1976; Kandel et al, 2012), and micturition reflex that detects bladder stretch (Guyton, 1976). Decoupling of feedback from these cells to higher control centers does not abolish the reflex but removes the ability of higher control centers to regulate and maintain homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-directed mechanosensory feedback activates egg-laying circuit activity and behavior inC. elegans

Medrano

Collins

2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanosensory feedback of internal state regulates numerous bodily processes including feeding, defecation, and reproduction. However, how mechanosensory feedback signals to modulate neural circuits and coordinate these behaviors is incompletely understood. Here, we use the egg-laying circuit of C. elegans to test our hypothesis that mechanosensory feedback of egg accumulation promotes the active reproductive behavior state. Using an acute gonad microinjection technique to mimic changes in pressure and stretch resulting from germline activity and egg accumulation, we find that injection rapidly stimulates Ca2+ activity in both neurons and muscles of the egg-laying circuit. Injection-induced vulval muscle Ca2+ activity requires L-type Ca2+ channels but is independent of presynaptic input. Direct mechanical prodding activates the vulval muscles, suggesting they are the proximal targets of the stretch-dependent stimulus. Our results show that egg-laying behavior in C. elegans is regulated by a stretch-dependent homeostat that scales postsynaptic muscle responses with egg accumulation in the uterus.

show abstract

“…To validate the performance of our proposed tensile testing apparatus on soft biological tissues, we next studied the mechanical properties of the oesophagus. Propelling food boli from the pharynx to the stomach, the oesophagus is an organ with a profound biomechanical function 9,10 , and recent works have unravelled that knowledge of its mechanical behaviour from the organ 26 to the cellular level is paramount to comprehend its development, homeostasis, physiology and remodelling during disease 6,27,28 . Furthermore, its constitutive tissues are representative of the soft tissues encountered in most mammalian organs: epithelia, extracellular matrix (ECM) rich connective tissues and muscles.…”

Section: Tensile Apparatus Allows Biomechanical Testing Of the Murine...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A magnetically actuated, optically sensed tensile testing method for mechanical characterisation of soft biological tissues

Rosalia

Hallou

Cochrane

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mechanical properties of soft biological tissues play a key role in their normal physiology, contributing to their formation during development, maintenance and repair during adult homeostasis, and driving diseases such as cancer. Mechanics has been proposed to exert its effect by impacting cells fate decisions and cell behaviours including proliferation, differentiation and motility, amongst others. However, despite its critical relevance, a comprehensive analysis of the biomechanics of soft biological tissues is still lacking due to the limitations of the existing characterisation tools. In this article, we describe the development of a device for uniaxial tensile testing of small samples of epithelial and connective tissues, based on the closed-loop interaction between an electromagnetic force actuator and an optical strain sensor. First, we validate the device with synthetic elastomers of known mechanical properties and compare its performance with conventional tensile testing methods; then, we characterise the mechanical properties of the squamous epithelium of the mouse oesophagus along with its supporting connective tissue and underlying muscle in controlled environmental conditions. Through an analysis of strain-stress curves, we demonstrate that the whole oesophagus behaves as a trilayered composite material, whose overall mechanical response depends on the properties of each of its tissue layers. Overall, the proposed setup enables measurements of the mechanical properties of soft biological tissues with unprecedented reliability and precision, and offers an ideal platform for future instrument developments.

show abstract

Gut feelings: mechanosensing in the gastrointestinal tract

Cited by 59 publications

References 165 publications

Enterochromaffin Cells–Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Underpinning the Symptoms, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Enterochromaffin Cells–Gut Microbiota Crosstalk: Underpinning the Symptoms, Pathogenesis, and Pharmacotherapy in Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction

Muscle-directed mechanosensory feedback activates egg-laying circuit activity and behavior inC. elegans

A magnetically actuated, optically sensed tensile testing method for mechanical characterisation of soft biological tissues

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About