Gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects of<i>Thymus quinquecostatus</i>Celak extract against alcohol through the gut–liver axis

Yan, Xin; Wang, Yu; Ren, Xueyang; Liu, Xiaoyun; Ma, Jiamu; Song, Ruolan; Wang, Xiuhuan; Dong, Ying; Yu, Axiang; Fan, Qiqi; Wei, Jing; She, Gaimei

doi:10.1039/d1fo01117k

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“… 37 To investigate the mechanisms of TQE’s liver protective effects in vivo, TQE supplementation alleviated chronic alcohol-induced liver injury and markers of gut barrier dysfunction in mice, likely through suppression of toll-like receptor 4-mediated inflammatory response and overproduction of reactive oxygen species. 32 FMT studies using material from TQE-exposed donors also counteracted the alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and partially ameliorated liver injury in the recipient mice, suggesting a causal role of the gut-liver axis in the hepatoprotective effects of TQE. 32 Together, these studies show hepatoprotective effects of dietary supplements on acute or chronic alcohol-induced liver disease.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“… 32 FMT studies using material from TQE-exposed donors also counteracted the alcohol-induced gut dysbiosis and partially ameliorated liver injury in the recipient mice, suggesting a causal role of the gut-liver axis in the hepatoprotective effects of TQE. 32 Together, these studies show hepatoprotective effects of dietary supplements on acute or chronic alcohol-induced liver disease. FMT was used to show that these hepatoprotective effects can be transferrable and show causal role of the gut-liver axis in models of ALD.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Wolstenholme

2024

ARCR

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PURPOSE Chronic alcohol use is a major cause of liver damage and death. In the United States, multiple factors have led to low utilization of pharmacotherapy for alcohol use disorder (AUD), including lack of provider knowledge and comfort in prescribing medications for AUD. Alcohol consumption has direct effects on the gut microbiota, altering the diversity of bacteria and leading to bacterial overgrowth. Growing evidence suggests that alcohol’s effects on the gut microbiome may contribute to increased alcohol consumption and progression of alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This article reviews human and preclinical studies investigating the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ameliorating alcohol-associated alterations to the liver, gut, and brain resulting in altered behavior; it also discusses the therapeutic potential of FMT. SEARCH METHODS For this narrative review, a literature search was conducted in September 2022 of PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and Google Scholar to identify studies published between January 2012 and September 2022. Search terms used included “fecal microbiota transplantation” and “alcohol.” SEARCH RESULTS Most results of the literature search were review articles or articles on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; these were excluded. Of the remaining empirical manuscripts, very few described clinical or preclinical studies that were directly investigating the effects of FMT on alcohol drinking or related behaviors. Ultimately, 16 studies were included in the review. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The literature search identified only a few studies that were directly investigating the effect of FMT on ALD or alcohol drinking and related behaviors. Largely proof-of-concept studies, these findings demonstrate that alcohol can alter the gut microbiome and that the microbiome can be transferred between humans and rodents to alter affective behaviors frequently associated with increased alcohol use. Other studies have shown promise of FMT or other probiotic supplementation in alleviating some of the symptoms associated with ALD and drinking. These results show that the implementation of FMT as a therapeutic approach is still in the investigatory stages.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Wolstenholme

2024

ARCR

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“…Thus, this study examined the ameliorative influences of PCP-1C on intestinal damage. As we mentioned, leaky intestinal-derived LPS acts as a “second strike” to exacerbate hepatic steatosis and activate Kupffer to induce inflammation ( 9 ). DAO is a highly active intracellular enzyme in the upper villi of the human and mammalian small intestinal mucosa that reflects the integrity and degree of damage of the intestinal mechanical barrier ( 37 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory pathway is another critical pathogenesis of ALD. Long-term alcohol consumption increases intestinal permeability, promotes LPS, a toxic product of intestinal flora, to enter the blood and liver, and binds with the TLR4 receptor on the surface of the Kupffer cell membrane (9)(10)(11). TLR4 activation activates NF-κB inflammatory pathway to accelerate the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1-β (IL-1β), aggravating hepatic inflammation and even systemic injury (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Poria cocos polysaccharide prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury and inflammation by repressing oxidative stress and gut leakiness

et al. 2022

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Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major worldwide chronic liver disease accompanied by hepatic inflammation, gut leakiness, and abnormal oxidative stress. Our previous study demonstrated substantial hepatoprotective activity of the active Poria cocos polysaccharide (PCP-1C). The present study explored whether PCP-1C protects against ALD among hepatic inflammation, gut leakiness, and abnormal oxidative stress. The results showed that PCP-1C significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury by decreasing serum biochemical parameters, alleviating hepatic steatosis, and reducing lipid accumulation caused by ALD. Moreover, PCP-1C treatment reduced hepatic inflammation by inhibiting the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway and also improved hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting the cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)/reactive oxygen species (ROS)/mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling pathway. Regarding intestinal protection, PCP-1C could repair the intestinal barrier and reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS) leakage. Generally, PCP-1C exerts a positive therapeutic effect on ALD, which may play a pivotal of decreasing inflammatory factor release, inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improving intestinal barrier injury.

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“…Previous studies found that T. quinquecostatus has a lot of therapeutical potential. T. quinquecostatus extracts showed strong antioxidant and free radical scavenging potential [ 7 , 8 ], in addition to antimicrobial [ 9 ], anti-diabetic [ 10 ], anti-aging [ 11 ], hepatoprotective [ 12 ], anti-tumoral [ 13 ], and anti-inflammatory properties [ 14 ]. T. quinquecostatus extract effectively improved mitochondrial function and attenuated oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Native Populations of Korean Thyme, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.

Kim

Sowndhararajan²,

Deepa

et al. 2022

Molecules

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The genus Thymus (Lamiaceae) contains numerous medicinally important species. Among them, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak. has been extensively utilized as a traditional medicine and a food flavoring agent in the Korean peninsula, owing to its unique aroma. In particular, T. quinquecostatus has been used for the treatment of gastroenteritis, inflammation, stomach problems, liver disease, arthritis, arteriosclerosis, and menstrual problems. This study aimed to investigate the chemical diversity of essential oils among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. For this purpose, seedlings of T. quinquecostatus populations were purchased from different regions in the Korean Peninsula, and seedlings were grown in the experimental field under the same environmental conditions. The chemical compositions of steam-distilled essential oils were determined using GC-MS. In total, 212 components were identified from 103 populations of T. quinquecostatus. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to understand variations in the essential oil compositions among 103 Korean native populations of T. quinquecostatus. According to the essential oil compositions, 30 components were selected for PCA. Based on the most abundant essential oil components, four chemotypes were identified in T. quinquecostatus populations. PCA and cluster analyses revealed that 103 individuals of T. quinquecostatus could be classified into four clusters, such as thymol, geraniol, geranyl acetate, and linalool. Furthermore, dendrogram construction demonstrated that geraniol and geranyl acetate, as well as linalool and thymol groups, were closely related. This study suggested the significant chemical polymorphism of essential oils in local populations of T. quinquecostatus in Korea. It could be concluded that the intraspecific variations in the essential oil compositions may be associated with genetic diversity among the individuals.

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Gut dysbiosis correction contributes to the hepatoprotective effects ofThymus quinquecostatusCelak extract against alcohol through the gut–liver axis

Abstract: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major health issue globally due to alcoholic beverages consumption. Thymus quinquecostatus Celak is a food additive and edible herb that is widely being used...

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Gut-Liver-Brain Axis and Alcohol Use Disorder: Treatment Potential of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation

Poria cocos polysaccharide prevents alcohol-induced hepatic injury and inflammation by repressing oxidative stress and gut leakiness

Variations in the Chemical Composition of Essential Oils in Native Populations of Korean Thyme, Thymus quinquecostatus Celak.

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