Gut-dependent inflammation and alterations of the intestinal microbiota in individuals with perinatal HIV exposure and different HIV serostatus

Tincati, Camilla; Ficara, Monica; Ferrari, Francesca; Augello, Matteo; Dotta, Laura; Tagliabue, Claudia; Diana, Alfredo; Camelli, V.; Badolato, Raffaele; Cellini, Monica; Marchetti, Giulia

doi:10.1097/qad.0000000000003324

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Assessing the relationship between HIV-associated microbial dysbiosis and systemic inflammation, we identified significant correlations between the relative abundance of certain taxa and plasma inflammatory biomarkers, warranting further investigations. Our findings were inconsistent with studies in Australian cART-naïve adults and Italian cART-experienced children where correlation of gut microbiota with systemic cytokines and microbial translocation markers was not found ( 17 , 50 ).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…HIV infection can lead to a decrease in gut microbiota diversity, potentially resulting in the loss of beneficial bacteria and the proliferation of harmful ones ( 64 ). In contrast, the gut microbiota richness and evenness in our study were similar between the HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected groups in line with previous studies in cART-treated American and Spanish adults as well as South African and Italian children ( 37 , 50 , 65 – 68 ). In contrast, in other studies, reduced ( 16 , 17 , 64 , 69 ) or increased ( 41 ) alpha diversity was observed in HIV-infected cART-naïve individuals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…HIV-infected individuals in our study showed activation of innate immunity, indicated by persistently high plasma sCD14 levels, a biomarker for innate immune activation including monocytes and macrophages ( 46 ), and an independent predictor for mortality in HIV-infected individuals on cART ( 47 , 48 ). Elevated sCD14 levels were also found in HIV-infected European and African children as well as African and Chinese adults ( 2 , 3 , 8 , 13 , 36 , 43 , 44 , 46 , 49 , 50 ). We did not determine the source of monocyte activation in our population but our results are consistent with HIV-induced microbial translocation potentially driving monocyte/macrophage activation as demonstrated in another study ( 47 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Immune activation and inflammation in lactating women on combination antiretroviral therapy: role of gut dysfunction and gut microbiota imbalance

Munjoma,

Chandiwana,

Wyss

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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IntroductionCombination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively controls HIV; however, chronic low-level viremia and gut microbiota dysbiosis remain significant drivers of gut and systemic inflammation. In this study, we explored the relationship between gut microbiota composition, intestinal inflammation, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation in women on cART in Sub-Saharan Africa.MethodsWe conducted a study in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected lactating women followed up at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum in Harare, Zimbabwe. We used 16S ribosomal Ribonucleic Acid (rRNA) sequencing and MesoScale Discovery V-Plex assays to examine the gut microbiome and to quantify plasma inflammatory biomarkers, respectively. In addition, we measured fecal calprotectin, plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess gut inflammation, microbial translocation, and monocyte/macrophage activation.ResultsA group of 77 lactating women were studied, of which 35% were HIV-infected. Fecal calprotectin levels were similar by HIV status at both follow-up time points. In the HIV-infected group at 6 weeks postpartum, fecal calprotectin was elevated: median (interquartile range) [158.1 µg/g (75.3–230.2)] in women who had CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts <350 cells/µL compared with those with ≥350 cells/µL [21.1 µg/g (0–58.4)], p = 0.032. Plasma sCD14 levels were significantly higher in the HIV-infected group at both 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum, p < 0.001. Plasma LBP levels were similar, but higher levels were observed in HIV-infected women with elevated fecal calprotectin. We found significant correlations between fecal calprotectin, LBP, and sCD14 with proinflammatory cytokines. Gut microbial alpha diversity was not affected by HIV status and was not affected by use of antibiotic prophylaxis. HIV significantly affected microbial beta diversity, and significant differences in microbial composition were noted. The genera Slackia and Collinsella were relatively more abundant in the HIV-infected group, whereas a lower relative abundance of Clostriduim sensu_stricto_1 was observed. Our study also found correlations between gut microbial taxa abundance and systemic inflammatory biomarkers.Discussion and conclusionHIV-infected lactating women had increased immune activation and increased microbial translocation associated with increased gut inflammation. We identified correlations between the gut inflammation and microbial composition, microbial translocation, and systemic inflammation. The interplay of these parameters might affect the health of this vulnerable population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Immune activation and inflammation in lactating women on combination antiretroviral therapy: role of gut dysfunction and gut microbiota imbalance

Munjoma,

Chandiwana,

Wyss

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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“…As increasingly recognized for other solid tumors, the tumor microenvironment might be relevant for the development of malignancy [56][57][58][59], and coinfection with other viruses appears to contribute to an altered epithelial microenvironment. The changes in microbiome profile along with local inflammation and bacterial translocation related to HIV infection [60] could also promote the oncogenic transformation of HPV-infected cells, and impact the immune response to HPV infection.…”

Section: Biological Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microbiome as a biomarker of anal precancerous lesions in people with HIV

Ron,

Moreno,

Rosas Cancio-Suárez

et al. 2023

Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases

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Purpose of review Early detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal dysplasia in some high-risk groups can help anal cancer prevention, but new tools to improve diagnostic and risk assessment are needed. Here, we aim to discuss the evidence on the role of the microbiome as a potential biomarker for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in people with HIV (PWH). Recent findings This review covers relevant studies on the links between the microbiome and HPV infection, cervical dysplasia/cancer, and anal HPV disease. It focuses on anal samples and precancerous lesions. Summary The review highlights the promising potential of the anal microbiome as a novel biomarker for precancerous lesions in people with HIV, while also discussing limitations and future research needs.

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“…In their article, Gut-dependent inflammation and alterations of the intestinal microbiota in individuals with perinatal HIV exposure and different HIV serostatus, Tincati et al [5] compared the blood and faecal microbiome as well as markers of gut damage, microbial translocation, and immune activation/inflammation in infected (HEI) and exposed (HEU) children over the age of 1 year. Despite having similar microbiota profiles in plasma and faeces, differences were observed in faecal beta-diversity and relative abundance.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%