Gut commensals and their metabolites in health and disease

Abstract

Purpose of reviewThis review comprehensively discusses the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease and sheds light on the importance of a holistic approach in assessing the gut.Recent findingsThe gut microbiome consisting of the bacteriome, mycobiome, archaeome, and virome has a profound effect on human health. Gut dysbiosis which is characterized by perturbations in the microbial population not only results in gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms or conditions but can also give rise to extra-GI manifestations. Gut microorganisms also produce metabolites (short-chain fatty acids, trimethylamine, hydrogen sulfide, methane, and so on) that are important for several interkingdom microbial interactions and functions. They also participate in various host metabolic processes. An alteration in the microbial species can affect their respective metabolite concentrations which can have serious health implications. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome and its metabolites is crucial as it can provide insights into one’s overall health.SummaryEmerging evidence highlights the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in health and disease. As it is implicated in GI as well as extra-GI symptoms, the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in the overall well-being of the host. Effective assessment of the gut microbiome may provide insights into one’s health status leading to more holistic care.

Comprehensive multi-omics analysis revealed that mulberry leaf dietary supplementation can improve the lipo-nutritional quality of pork and regulate gut microbiota in pigs

“…We found that mulberrin, oleic acid methyl ester in the cecal contents, were positively correlated with IMF and significantly negatively correlated with oleate. Gut metabolites are closely related to multiple physiological processes and metabolic pathways in the host [57]. In the study, a variety of gut-differentiated compounds were found to be associated with IMF, among which mulberry leaf flavonoids should be emphasized as mulberry leaf-derived compounds, and flavonoids in mulberry leaves are closely related to lipid metabolism, flavonoids in mulberry leaves have been reported to promote adipocyte differentiation by increasing the expression of PPARγ and FABP4 genes, which act as candidate genes for the regulation of IMF, and the results suggest that flavonoids in fermented mulberry leaves may act as potential modulators to regulate IMF deposition by promoting the expression of FABP4 [33].…”

Irritable bowel syndrome in children: pathogenetic significance of disorders of intestinal microbiota

“…Эти симптомы должны отмечаться у больного последние 3 мес при общей продолжительности не менее 6 мес [10,12]. Ведущими факторами, предрасполагающими к развитию СРК у детей, являются возраст, стрессовые, болевые и психологические факторы, перенесённые инфекции, изменения композиции кишечной микробиоты [16][17][18][19][20]. СРК известен как следствие стрессового расстройства и связан с вовлечением в патологический процесс центральной и вегетативной нервной систем [21,22].…”