Gut bacterial dysbiosis and instability is associated with the onset of complications and mortality in COVID-19

Schult, David; Reitmeier, Sandra; Koyumdzhieva, Plamena; Lahmer, Tobias; Middelhoff, Moritz; Erber, Johanna; Schneider, Ján; Kager, Juliane; Фролова, М. А.; Horstmann, Julia; Fricke, Lisa; Steiger, Katja; Jesinghaus, Moritz; Janssen, Klaus-Peter; Protzer, Ulrike; Neuhaus, Klaus; Schmid, Roland M.; Haller, Dirk; Quante, Michael

doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2031840

Cited by 58 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Thus, the imbalanced microbiota may cause a temporary increase in opportunistic infections. These observations are transient, and the involvement of the microbiota in disease progression has not been fully established; however, positive correlations between inflammation [ 64 , 67 ] or disease severity and the gut microbiota have been reported [ 60 , 67 , 76 ]. Recent reports described changes in the fungal microbiota of the lungs of patients with COVID-19 [ 77 ].…”

Section: Upper Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Mizutani

Ishizaka

Koga

et al. 2022

Viruses

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Viral infections are influenced by various microorganisms in the environment surrounding the target tissue, and the correlation between the type and balance of commensal microbiota is the key to establishment of the infection and pathogenicity. Some commensal microorganisms are known to resist or promote viral infection, while others are involved in pathogenicity. It is also becoming evident that the profile of the commensal microbiota under normal conditions influences the progression of viral diseases. Thus, to understand the pathogenesis underlying viral infections, it is important to elucidate the interactions among viruses, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota, which should have different relationships with each virus. In this review, we outline the role of microorganisms in viral infections. Particularly, we focus on gaining an in-depth understanding of the correlations among viral infections, target tissues, and the surrounding environment, including the commensal microbiota and the gut virome, and discussing the impact of changes in the microbiota (dysbiosis) on the pathological progression of viral infections.

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Section: Upper Respiratory Tract Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Mizutani

Ishizaka

Koga

et al. 2022

Viruses

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“…Researchers found that the gut microbiota of patients with high fecal SARS-CoV-2 activity harbored more opportunistic pathogens ( Zuo et al., 2021 ) and that intestinal barrier function could also be compromised due to disrupted tight junctions ( Guo et al., 2021 ). Gut microbiota were found to be related to the occurrence of complications in COVID-19 patients and might influenced the disease severity ( Schult et al., 2022 ). In addition, not all patients with stools testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid presented symptoms of gastrointestinal infection with SARS-CoV-2 ( Han et al., 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Feces

Shi

Zhu

et al. 2022

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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BackgroundSARS-CoV-2 is highly contagious and poses a great threat to epidemic control and prevention. The possibility of fecal-oral transmission has attracted increasing concern. However, viral shedding in feces has not been completely investigated.MethodsThis study retrospectively reviewed 97 confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized at the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, from January 19 to February 17, 2020. SARS-CoV-2 RNA in samples of sputum, nasopharyngeal or throat swabs, bronchoalveolar lavage and feces was detected by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). Clinical characteristics and parameters were compared between groups to determine whether fecal RNA was positive.ResultsThirty-four (35.1%) of the patients showed detectable SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces, and 63 (64.9%) had negative detection results. The median time of viral shedding in feces was approximately 25 days, with the maximum time reaching 33 days. Prolonged fecal-shedding patients showed longer hospital stays. Those patients for whom fecal viral positivity persisted longer than 3 weeks also had lower plasma B-cell counts than those patients in the non-prolonged group [70.5 (47.3-121.5) per μL vs. 186.5 (129.3-376.0) per μL, P = 0.023]. Correlation analysis found that the duration of fecal shedding was positively related to the duration of respiratory viral shedding (R = 0.70, P < 0.001) and negatively related to peripheral B-cell counts (R = -0.44, P < 0.05).ConclusionsCOVID-19 patients who shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces presented similar clinical characteristics and outcomes as those who did not shed SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces. The prolonged presence of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids in feces was highly correlated with the prolonged shedding of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the respiratory tract and with lower plasma B-cell counts.

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“…Short-chain fatty acids produced by Rikenella improved the intestinal barrier by promoting cell differentiation and tight junctions ( Cani et al, 2009 ). Parabacteroides and Coprobacillus were positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease ( Zuo et al, 2020 ; Schult et al, 2022 ). Dorea and Treponema were significantly enriched in the gut microbiota of patients with autism and endometrial cancer, respectively ( Walther-António et al, 2016 ; Strati et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subchronic Toxicity of Microcystin-LR on Young Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Their Gut Microbiota

Sun

Wang

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Although toxic effects of microcystins (MCs) in mammals and fish have been extensively studied, the effects of MCs on the immune system and gut microbiota of amphibians have not received sufficient attention. As MCs cause general damage to the vertebrate liver and immune system and trigger an inflammatory response, and the gut microbiota is closely related to host metabolism and immunity, we speculated that MCs can cause changes in the immune system and gut microbiota of amphibians. To verify this, we examined the intestinal and liver injury of Xenopus laevis exposed to different microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) concentrations and the effects on the gut microbiota through high-throughput sequencing of 16S rDNA of the gut microbiota combined with histopathological analysis, enzyme activity determination, and qRT-PCR. Our results showed that MC-LR caused focal infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased the number of T cells and local congestion and vacuolization in X. laevis liver, but reduced the number, density, height, and regularity of villi. These liver and intestinal injuries became more obvious with an increase in MC-LR concentration. MC-LR significantly decreased the activities of malondialdehyde and alkaline phosphatase and the expression of TGF-β in the liver. Moreover, MC-LR significantly altered the gut microbiota of X. laevis. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in high-concentration MC-LR groups was significantly reduced compared to that in low-concentration MC-LR groups, whereas Fusobacteria was significantly enriched. The metabolic gene composition of the gut microbiota in low-concentration MC-LR (≤5 μg/L) groups was significantly different from that in high-concentration MC-LR (≥20 μg/L) groups. These results deepen our understanding of the toxicity of MCs to aquatic organisms and assessment of the ecological risk of MCs in amphibians.

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Gut bacterial dysbiosis and instability is associated with the onset of complications and mortality in COVID-19

Cited by 58 publications

References 45 publications

Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Role of Microbiota in Viral Infections and Pathological Progression

Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Feces

Subchronic Toxicity of Microcystin-LR on Young Frogs (Xenopus laevis) and Their Gut Microbiota

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